Long-term stability of aerophilic metallic surfaces underwater

Alexander B. Tesler; Stefan Kolle; Lucia H. Prado; Ingo Thievessen; David Böhringer; Matilda Backholm; Bhuvaneshwari Karunakaran; Heikki A. Nurmi; Mika Latikka; Lena Fischer; Shane Stafslien; Zoran M. Cenev; Jaakko V.I. Timonen; Mark Bruns; Anca Mazare; Ulrich Lohbauer; Sannakaisa Virtanen; Ben Fabry; Patrik Schmuki; Robin H.A. Ras; Joanna Aizenberg; Wolfgang H. Goldmann

doi:10.1038/s41563-023-01670-6

Long-term stability of aerophilic metallic surfaces underwater

Alexander B. Tesler^*, Stefan Kolle, Lucia H. Prado, Ingo Thievessen, David Böhringer, Matilda Backholm, Bhuvaneshwari Karunakaran, Heikki A. Nurmi, Mika Latikka, Lena Fischer, Shane Stafslien, Zoran M. Cenev, Jaakko V.I. Timonen, Mark Bruns, Anca Mazare, Ulrich Lohbauer, Sannakaisa Virtanen, Ben Fabry, Patrik Schmuki, Robin H.A. RasJoanna Aizenberg, Wolfgang H. Goldmann^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Aerophilic surfaces immersed underwater trap films of air known as plastrons. Plastrons have typically been considered impractical for underwater engineering applications due to their metastable performance. Here, we describe aerophilic titanium alloy (Ti) surfaces with extended plastron lifetimes that are conserved for months underwater. Long-term stability is achieved by the formation of highly rough hierarchically structured surfaces via electrochemical anodization combined with a low-surface-energy coating produced by a fluorinated surfactant. Aerophilic Ti surfaces drastically reduce blood adhesion and, when submerged in water, prevent adhesion of bacteria and marine organisms such as barnacles and mussels. Overall, we demonstrate a general strategy to achieve the long-term stability of plastrons on aerophilic surfaces for previously unattainable underwater applications.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1548-1555
Number of pages	8
Journal	Nature Materials
Volume	22
Issue number	12
Early online date	18 Sept 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-023-01670-6
Publication status	Published - Dec 2023
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

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SCI_Tesler_etal_Nature_Materials_2023Accepted author manuscript, 1.55 MB

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Tesler, A. B., Kolle, S., Prado, L. H., Thievessen, I., Böhringer, D., Backholm, M., Karunakaran, B., Nurmi, H. A., Latikka, M., Fischer, L., Stafslien, S., Cenev, Z. M., Timonen, J. V. I., Bruns, M., Mazare, A., Lohbauer, U., Virtanen, S., Fabry, B., Schmuki, P., ... Goldmann, W. H. (2023). Long-term stability of aerophilic metallic surfaces underwater. Nature Materials, 22(12), 1548-1555. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-023-01670-6

@article{c1c7eac975b84c36b9f560357a774095,

title = "Long-term stability of aerophilic metallic surfaces underwater",

abstract = "Aerophilic surfaces immersed underwater trap films of air known as plastrons. Plastrons have typically been considered impractical for underwater engineering applications due to their metastable performance. Here, we describe aerophilic titanium alloy (Ti) surfaces with extended plastron lifetimes that are conserved for months underwater. Long-term stability is achieved by the formation of highly rough hierarchically structured surfaces via electrochemical anodization combined with a low-surface-energy coating produced by a fluorinated surfactant. Aerophilic Ti surfaces drastically reduce blood adhesion and, when submerged in water, prevent adhesion of bacteria and marine organisms such as barnacles and mussels. Overall, we demonstrate a general strategy to achieve the long-term stability of plastrons on aerophilic surfaces for previously unattainable underwater applications.",

author = "Tesler, {Alexander B.} and Stefan Kolle and Prado, {Lucia H.} and Ingo Thievessen and David B{\"o}hringer and Matilda Backholm and Bhuvaneshwari Karunakaran and Nurmi, {Heikki A.} and Mika Latikka and Lena Fischer and Shane Stafslien and Cenev, {Zoran M.} and Timonen, {Jaakko V.I.} and Mark Bruns and Anca Mazare and Ulrich Lohbauer and Sannakaisa Virtanen and Ben Fabry and Patrik Schmuki and Ras, {Robin H.A.} and Joanna Aizenberg and Goldmann, {Wolfgang H.}",

note = "Funding Information: We thank A. Marmur for fruitful discussions on the plastron stability of Ti-APhS. A.B.T. thanks N. Vogel and J. Harrer for help with AFM measurements and E. Alkhateeb for help with X-ray diffraction measurements. A.B.T. thanks F. Krause from Keyence Deutschland GmbH for providing a laser confocal microscope for surface roughness measurements. W.H.G. and A.B.T. are indebted to L. Nicholson (Master of Arts) for proofreading the manuscript. We acknowledge the provision of facilities and technical support by Aalto University at OtaNano{\textquoteright}s Nanomicroscopy Center (Aalto-NMC). A.B.T., P.S., W.H.G. and B.F. thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; SCHM 1597/38-1 and FA 336/13-1) for their financial support. A.B.T. acknowledges the Emerging Talents Initiative (ETI) of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universit{\"a}t Erlangen-N{\"u}rnberg (grant agreement number 5500102). This work was funded in part by grants from the German Science Foundation (DFG; FA 336-12/1, TRR-SFB 225 Projects A01 and C02). J.V.I.T. acknowledges funding from the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence Program (2022–2029) in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), project number 346112. M. Backholm acknowledges postdoctoral funding from the Academy of Finland (grant agreement number 309237). M. Bruns, B.K., H.A.N., M.L., Z.M.C., J.V.I.T. and R.H.A.R. acknowledge funding from the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence Program (2022–2029) in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER, project number 346109). S.S. acknowledges funding from the Office of Naval Research, US Department of Defense (grant N00014-17-1-2153). S.K. and J.A. acknowledge funding from the Office of Naval Research, US Department of Defense (grants N00014-15-1-2323 and N00014-17-1-2913) and the Department of Energy (award DE-SC0005247). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

year = "2023",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1038/s41563-023-01670-6",

language = "English",

volume = "22",

pages = "1548--1555",

journal = "Nature Materials",

issn = "1476-1122",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

number = "12",

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Tesler, AB, Kolle, S, Prado, LH, Thievessen, I, Böhringer, D, Backholm, M , Karunakaran, B , Nurmi, HA , Latikka, M, Fischer, L, Stafslien, S, Cenev, ZM , Timonen, JVI, Bruns, M, Mazare, A, Lohbauer, U, Virtanen, S, Fabry, B, Schmuki, P, Ras, RHA, Aizenberg, J & Goldmann, WH 2023, 'Long-term stability of aerophilic metallic surfaces underwater', Nature Materials, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 1548-1555. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-023-01670-6

TY - JOUR

T1 - Long-term stability of aerophilic metallic surfaces underwater

AU - Tesler, Alexander B.

AU - Kolle, Stefan

AU - Prado, Lucia H.

AU - Thievessen, Ingo

AU - Böhringer, David

AU - Backholm, Matilda

AU - Karunakaran, Bhuvaneshwari

AU - Nurmi, Heikki A.

AU - Latikka, Mika

AU - Fischer, Lena

AU - Stafslien, Shane

AU - Cenev, Zoran M.

AU - Timonen, Jaakko V.I.

AU - Bruns, Mark

AU - Mazare, Anca

AU - Lohbauer, Ulrich

AU - Virtanen, Sannakaisa

AU - Fabry, Ben

AU - Schmuki, Patrik

AU - Ras, Robin H.A.

AU - Aizenberg, Joanna

AU - Goldmann, Wolfgang H.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank A. Marmur for fruitful discussions on the plastron stability of Ti-APhS. A.B.T. thanks N. Vogel and J. Harrer for help with AFM measurements and E. Alkhateeb for help with X-ray diffraction measurements. A.B.T. thanks F. Krause from Keyence Deutschland GmbH for providing a laser confocal microscope for surface roughness measurements. W.H.G. and A.B.T. are indebted to L. Nicholson (Master of Arts) for proofreading the manuscript. We acknowledge the provision of facilities and technical support by Aalto University at OtaNano’s Nanomicroscopy Center (Aalto-NMC). A.B.T., P.S., W.H.G. and B.F. thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; SCHM 1597/38-1 and FA 336/13-1) for their financial support. A.B.T. acknowledges the Emerging Talents Initiative (ETI) of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (grant agreement number 5500102). This work was funded in part by grants from the German Science Foundation (DFG; FA 336-12/1, TRR-SFB 225 Projects A01 and C02). J.V.I.T. acknowledges funding from the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence Program (2022–2029) in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), project number 346112. M. Backholm acknowledges postdoctoral funding from the Academy of Finland (grant agreement number 309237). M. Bruns, B.K., H.A.N., M.L., Z.M.C., J.V.I.T. and R.H.A.R. acknowledge funding from the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence Program (2022–2029) in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER, project number 346109). S.S. acknowledges funding from the Office of Naval Research, US Department of Defense (grant N00014-17-1-2153). S.K. and J.A. acknowledge funding from the Office of Naval Research, US Department of Defense (grants N00014-15-1-2323 and N00014-17-1-2913) and the Department of Energy (award DE-SC0005247). Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

PY - 2023/12

Y1 - 2023/12

N2 - Aerophilic surfaces immersed underwater trap films of air known as plastrons. Plastrons have typically been considered impractical for underwater engineering applications due to their metastable performance. Here, we describe aerophilic titanium alloy (Ti) surfaces with extended plastron lifetimes that are conserved for months underwater. Long-term stability is achieved by the formation of highly rough hierarchically structured surfaces via electrochemical anodization combined with a low-surface-energy coating produced by a fluorinated surfactant. Aerophilic Ti surfaces drastically reduce blood adhesion and, when submerged in water, prevent adhesion of bacteria and marine organisms such as barnacles and mussels. Overall, we demonstrate a general strategy to achieve the long-term stability of plastrons on aerophilic surfaces for previously unattainable underwater applications.

AB - Aerophilic surfaces immersed underwater trap films of air known as plastrons. Plastrons have typically been considered impractical for underwater engineering applications due to their metastable performance. Here, we describe aerophilic titanium alloy (Ti) surfaces with extended plastron lifetimes that are conserved for months underwater. Long-term stability is achieved by the formation of highly rough hierarchically structured surfaces via electrochemical anodization combined with a low-surface-energy coating produced by a fluorinated surfactant. Aerophilic Ti surfaces drastically reduce blood adhesion and, when submerged in water, prevent adhesion of bacteria and marine organisms such as barnacles and mussels. Overall, we demonstrate a general strategy to achieve the long-term stability of plastrons on aerophilic surfaces for previously unattainable underwater applications.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85171465496&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/s41563-023-01670-6

DO - 10.1038/s41563-023-01670-6

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85171465496

SN - 1476-1122

VL - 22

SP - 1548

EP - 1555

JO - Nature Materials

JF - Nature Materials

IS - 12

ER -

Long-term stability of aerophilic metallic surfaces underwater

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