Abstract
We conducted the first comparative exploration on lignin containing cellulose nanofibril films prepared alternatively from willow bark and wood using a highly recyclable acid hydrotrope, aqueous p-toluenesulfonic acid, as a sustainable means for isolating the nanofibrils. The nanofibrils of willow bark were hydrophobic and produced dense films of high strength under hot pressing. The hydrophobicity resulted from condensation of the residual lignin with low molecular weight aromatic substances of the bark and hydroxymethylfurfural formed in situ from fructose that is also present in the bark.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 15-23 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Industrial Crops and Products |
Volume | 129 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Mar 2019 |
MoE publication type | A1 Journal article-refereed |
Keywords
- 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural
- Aromatic substance
- Nanocellulose
- p-Toluenesulfonic acid
- Suberin
- Willow bark