Leaching of NMC industrial black mass in the presence of LFP

Yuanmin Zou; Alexander Chernyaev; Muhammad Ossama; Sipi Seisko; Mari Lundström

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-61569-3

Leaching of NMC industrial black mass in the presence of LFP

Yuanmin Zou, Alexander Chernyaev, Muhammad Ossama, Sipi Seisko, Mari Lundström^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Metso Research Center

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

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Abstract

This study focuses on the effect of an emerging source of waste, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode materials, on the hydrometallurgical recycling of the currently dominant industrial battery waste that is rich in transition metals (Ni, Co, Mn, and Li). The effects of the dosage of LFP, initial acidity, and timing of LFP reductant addition were investigated in sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) leaching (t = 3 h, T = 60 °C, ω = 300 rpm). The results showed that addition of LFP increased both transition metal extraction and acid consumption. Further, the redox potential was lowered due to the increased presence of Fe²⁺. An initial acidity of 2.0 mol/L H₂SO₄ with acid consumption of 1.3 kg H₂SO₄/kg black mass provided optimal conditions for achieving a high leaching yield (Co = 100%, Ni = 87.6%, Mn = 91.1%, Li = 100%) and creating process solutions (Co 8.8 g/L, Ni 13.8 g/L, Li 6.7 g/L, Mn 7.6 g/L, P 12.1 g/L) favorable for subsequent hydrometallurgical processing. Additionally, the overall efficiency of H₂O₂ decreased due to its decomposition by high concentrations of Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ when H₂O₂ was added after t = 2 h, leading to only a minor increase in final battery metals extraction levels.

Original language	English
Article number	10818
Number of pages	14
Journal	Scientific Reports
Volume	14
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61569-3
Publication status	Published - 11 May 2024
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

This study was supported by the BATCircle2.0 project (Grant number 44886/31/2020) financed by Business Finland. Additionally, RawMatTERS Finland Infrastructure (RAMI), supported by the Academy of Finland, is gratefully acknowledged.

Keywords

Battery recycling
Cathode active material
Leaching
Lithium-ion battery
Reductant

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1038/s41598-024-61569-3Licence: CC BY

CHEM_Zou_et_al_Leaching_of_NMC_2024_Scientific_ReportsFinal published version, 4.55 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Leaching of NMC industrial black mass in the presence of LFP",

abstract = "This study focuses on the effect of an emerging source of waste, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode materials, on the hydrometallurgical recycling of the currently dominant industrial battery waste that is rich in transition metals (Ni, Co, Mn, and Li). The effects of the dosage of LFP, initial acidity, and timing of LFP reductant addition were investigated in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) leaching (t = 3 h, T = 60 °C, ω = 300 rpm). The results showed that addition of LFP increased both transition metal extraction and acid consumption. Further, the redox potential was lowered due to the increased presence of Fe2+. An initial acidity of 2.0 mol/L H2SO4 with acid consumption of 1.3 kg H2SO4/kg black mass provided optimal conditions for achieving a high leaching yield (Co = 100\%, Ni = 87.6\%, Mn = 91.1\%, Li = 100\%) and creating process solutions (Co 8.8 g/L, Ni 13.8 g/L, Li 6.7 g/L, Mn 7.6 g/L, P 12.1 g/L) favorable for subsequent hydrometallurgical processing. Additionally, the overall efficiency of H2O2 decreased due to its decomposition by high concentrations of Fe2+ and Mn2+ when H2O2 was added after t = 2 h, leading to only a minor increase in final battery metals extraction levels.",

keywords = "Battery recycling, Cathode active material, Leaching, Lithium-ion battery, Reductant",

author = "Yuanmin Zou and Alexander Chernyaev and Muhammad Ossama and Sipi Seisko and Mari Lundstr{\"o}m",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2024.",

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AU - Zou, Yuanmin

AU - Chernyaev, Alexander

AU - Ossama, Muhammad

AU - Seisko, Sipi

AU - Lundström, Mari

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.

PY - 2024/5/11

Y1 - 2024/5/11

N2 - This study focuses on the effect of an emerging source of waste, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode materials, on the hydrometallurgical recycling of the currently dominant industrial battery waste that is rich in transition metals (Ni, Co, Mn, and Li). The effects of the dosage of LFP, initial acidity, and timing of LFP reductant addition were investigated in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) leaching (t = 3 h, T = 60 °C, ω = 300 rpm). The results showed that addition of LFP increased both transition metal extraction and acid consumption. Further, the redox potential was lowered due to the increased presence of Fe2+. An initial acidity of 2.0 mol/L H2SO4 with acid consumption of 1.3 kg H2SO4/kg black mass provided optimal conditions for achieving a high leaching yield (Co = 100%, Ni = 87.6%, Mn = 91.1%, Li = 100%) and creating process solutions (Co 8.8 g/L, Ni 13.8 g/L, Li 6.7 g/L, Mn 7.6 g/L, P 12.1 g/L) favorable for subsequent hydrometallurgical processing. Additionally, the overall efficiency of H2O2 decreased due to its decomposition by high concentrations of Fe2+ and Mn2+ when H2O2 was added after t = 2 h, leading to only a minor increase in final battery metals extraction levels.

AB - This study focuses on the effect of an emerging source of waste, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode materials, on the hydrometallurgical recycling of the currently dominant industrial battery waste that is rich in transition metals (Ni, Co, Mn, and Li). The effects of the dosage of LFP, initial acidity, and timing of LFP reductant addition were investigated in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) leaching (t = 3 h, T = 60 °C, ω = 300 rpm). The results showed that addition of LFP increased both transition metal extraction and acid consumption. Further, the redox potential was lowered due to the increased presence of Fe2+. An initial acidity of 2.0 mol/L H2SO4 with acid consumption of 1.3 kg H2SO4/kg black mass provided optimal conditions for achieving a high leaching yield (Co = 100%, Ni = 87.6%, Mn = 91.1%, Li = 100%) and creating process solutions (Co 8.8 g/L, Ni 13.8 g/L, Li 6.7 g/L, Mn 7.6 g/L, P 12.1 g/L) favorable for subsequent hydrometallurgical processing. Additionally, the overall efficiency of H2O2 decreased due to its decomposition by high concentrations of Fe2+ and Mn2+ when H2O2 was added after t = 2 h, leading to only a minor increase in final battery metals extraction levels.

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KW - Reductant

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Leaching of NMC industrial black mass in the presence of LFP

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

BATCircle2: Finland-based circular ecosystem of battery metals

Raw Materials Research Infrastructure

Cite this

Leaching of NMC industrial black mass in the presence of LFP

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

BATCircle2: Finland-based circular ecosystem of battery metals

Equipment

Raw Materials Research Infrastructure

Cite this