Abstract
In this study, various mixing and evaporation modeling assumptions typically considered for large-eddy simulation (LES) of the well-established Engine Combustion Network (ECN) Spray A are explored. A coupling between LES and Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) is employed to simulate liquidn-dodecane spray injection into hot inert gaseous environment, wherein Lagrangian droplets are introduced from a small cylindrical injection volume while larger length scales within the nozzle diameter are resolved. This LES/LPT approach involves various modeling assumptions concerning the unresolved near-nozzle region, droplet breakup, and LES subgrid scales (SGS) in which their impact on common spray metrics is usually left unexplored despite frequent utilization. Here, multi-parametric analysis is performed on the effects of (i) cylindrical injection volume dimensions, (ii) secondary breakup model, particularly Kelvin-Helmholtz Rayleigh-Taylor (KHRT) against a no-breakup model approach, and (iii) LES SGS models, particularly Smagorinsky and one-equation models against implicit LES. The analysis indicates the following findings: (i) global spray characteristics are sensitive to radial dimension of the cylindrical injection volume, (ii) the no-breakup model approach performs equally well, in terms of spray penetration and mixture formation, compared with KHRT, and (iii) the no-breakup model is generally insensitive to the chosen SGS model for the utilized grid resolution.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 33360 |
Number of pages | 24 |
Journal | Energies |
Volume | 13 |
Issue number | 13 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Jul 2020 |
MoE publication type | A1 Journal article-refereed |
Keywords
- spray modeling
- large-eddy simulation
- Lagrangian particle tracking
- droplet-laden
- multiphase
- turbulence
- subgrid scale
- droplet breakup
- evaporation
- ECN
- OpenFOAM
- X-RAY RADIOGRAPHY
- DIESEL SPRAY
- HIGH-PRESSURE
- FUEL-SPRAY
- DROPLET VAPORIZATION
- FLAME STRUCTURE
- LIQUID JET
- BREAK-UP
- ATOMIZATION
- INJECTION