Joint effect of ethylene and toluene on carbon nanotube growth

Eldar M. Khabushev; Dmitry V. Krasnikov; Anastasia E. Goldt; Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya; Alexey P. Tsapenko; Qiang Zhang; Esko I. Kauppinen; Tanja Kallio; Albert G. Nasibulin

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2021.12.052

Joint effect of ethylene and toluene on carbon nanotube growth

Eldar M. Khabushev, Dmitry V. Krasnikov, Anastasia E. Goldt, Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya, Alexey P. Tsapenko, Qiang Zhang, Esko I. Kauppinen, Tanja Kallio, Albert G. Nasibulin^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

This work contributes to the understanding of single-walled carbon nanotube synthesis by an aerosol CVD method using ethylene and toluene as a hybrid carbon source. We evaluated an extensive set of synthesis conditions revealing the role of ferrocene, toluene, and ethylene. We found the fundamental role of ethylene promoting nanotube nucleation and catalyst activation degree at all the concentrations studied, and enhancing nanotube growth at low ethylene content. We observed the interplay effect of toluene and ethylene concentrations on the nanotube growth rate, accompanied by the detrimental effect of toluene on catalyst activation degree. Nevertheless, toluene apparently promotes nanotube crystallinity, increasing the film conductivity while used as an individual carbon source. Adjusting the ethylene and toluene concentrations, we produced carbon nanotube-based transparent and conductive films with an equivalent sheet resistance (at 90% transmittance at 550 nm wavelength) value of 57 Ω/□ at the synthesis yield of 0.24 cm² L⁻¹, which is at least two times higher than the results reported earlier.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	474-483
Number of pages	10
Journal	Carbon
Volume	189
Early online date	23 Dec 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.12.052
Publication status	Published - 15 Apr 2022
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

Aerosol CVD synthesis
Equivalent sheet resistance
Floating catalyst
Single-walled carbon nanotube

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10.1016/j.carbon.2021.12.052

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@article{35b03c7a7c49418cb364f95e04a3635a,

title = "Joint effect of ethylene and toluene on carbon nanotube growth",

abstract = "This work contributes to the understanding of single-walled carbon nanotube synthesis by an aerosol CVD method using ethylene and toluene as a hybrid carbon source. We evaluated an extensive set of synthesis conditions revealing the role of ferrocene, toluene, and ethylene. We found the fundamental role of ethylene promoting nanotube nucleation and catalyst activation degree at all the concentrations studied, and enhancing nanotube growth at low ethylene content. We observed the interplay effect of toluene and ethylene concentrations on the nanotube growth rate, accompanied by the detrimental effect of toluene on catalyst activation degree. Nevertheless, toluene apparently promotes nanotube crystallinity, increasing the film conductivity while used as an individual carbon source. Adjusting the ethylene and toluene concentrations, we produced carbon nanotube-based transparent and conductive films with an equivalent sheet resistance (at 90% transmittance at 550 nm wavelength) value of 57 Ω/□ at the synthesis yield of 0.24 cm2 L−1, which is at least two times higher than the results reported earlier.",

keywords = "Aerosol CVD synthesis, Equivalent sheet resistance, Floating catalyst, Single-walled carbon nanotube",

author = "Khabushev, {Eldar M.} and Krasnikov, {Dmitry V.} and Goldt, {Anastasia E.} and Fedorovskaya, {Ekaterina O.} and Tsapenko, {Alexey P.} and Qiang Zhang and Kauppinen, {Esko I.} and Tanja Kallio and Nasibulin, {Albert G.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors thank Anton Bubis and MIPT Shared Facilities Center for the help with scanning electron microscopy. E.M.Kh. and D.V.K. acknowledge Russian Science Foundation grant No. 20-73-10256 (synthesis of SWCNTs and optical measurements). E.M.Kh. and T.K. acknowledge Academy of Finland project No. 320167 (PREIN Flagship - Aalto University). Q.Zh. and E.I.K. acknowledge Academy of Finland project No. 316572 (CNTstress). A.G.N. and A.E.G. acknowledge the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 17-19-01787 - doping of carbon nanotubes). E.I.K. acknowledge the Academy of Finland for Mobility Grant (application number 334466). A.P.Ts. acknowledges the EDUFI Fellowship (No. TM-19-11079) from the Finnish National Agency for Education and the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation (the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters) for personal financial support. This work made use of the Aalto University Otanano, RAMI and Bioeconomy infrastructures. Funding Information: The authors thank Anton Bubis and MIPT Shared Facilities Center for the help with scanning electron microscopy. E.M.Kh. and D.V.K. acknowledge Russian Science Foundation grant No. 20-73-10256 (synthesis of SWCNTs and optical measurements). E.M.Kh. and T.K. acknowledge Academy of Finland project No. 320167 (PREIN Flagship - Aalto University ). Q.Zh. and E.I.K. acknowledge Academy of Finland project No. 316572 (CNTstress). A.G.N. and A.E.G. acknowledge the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 17-19-01787 - doping of carbon nanotubes). E.I.K. acknowledge the Academy of Finland for Mobility Grant (application number 334466). A.P.Ts. acknowledges the EDUFI Fellowship (No. TM-19-11079) from the Finnish National Agency for Education and the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation (the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters ) for personal financial support. This work made use of the Aalto University Otanano, RAMI and Bioeconomy infrastructures. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd",

year = "2022",

month = apr,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1016/j.carbon.2021.12.052",

language = "English",

volume = "189",

pages = "474--483",

journal = "Carbon",

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}

Joint effect of ethylene and toluene on carbon nanotube growth. / Khabushev, Eldar M.; Krasnikov, Dmitry V.; Goldt, Anastasia E.; Fedorovskaya, Ekaterina O.; Tsapenko, Alexey P.; Zhang, Qiang; Kauppinen, Esko I.; Kallio, Tanja ; Nasibulin, Albert G.

In: Carbon, Vol. 189, 15.04.2022, p. 474-483.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Joint effect of ethylene and toluene on carbon nanotube growth

AU - Khabushev, Eldar M.

AU - Krasnikov, Dmitry V.

AU - Goldt, Anastasia E.

AU - Fedorovskaya, Ekaterina O.

AU - Tsapenko, Alexey P.

AU - Zhang, Qiang

AU - Kauppinen, Esko I.

AU - Kallio, Tanja

AU - Nasibulin, Albert G.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank Anton Bubis and MIPT Shared Facilities Center for the help with scanning electron microscopy. E.M.Kh. and D.V.K. acknowledge Russian Science Foundation grant No. 20-73-10256 (synthesis of SWCNTs and optical measurements). E.M.Kh. and T.K. acknowledge Academy of Finland project No. 320167 (PREIN Flagship - Aalto University). Q.Zh. and E.I.K. acknowledge Academy of Finland project No. 316572 (CNTstress). A.G.N. and A.E.G. acknowledge the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 17-19-01787 - doping of carbon nanotubes). E.I.K. acknowledge the Academy of Finland for Mobility Grant (application number 334466). A.P.Ts. acknowledges the EDUFI Fellowship (No. TM-19-11079) from the Finnish National Agency for Education and the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation (the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters) for personal financial support. This work made use of the Aalto University Otanano, RAMI and Bioeconomy infrastructures. Funding Information: The authors thank Anton Bubis and MIPT Shared Facilities Center for the help with scanning electron microscopy. E.M.Kh. and D.V.K. acknowledge Russian Science Foundation grant No. 20-73-10256 (synthesis of SWCNTs and optical measurements). E.M.Kh. and T.K. acknowledge Academy of Finland project No. 320167 (PREIN Flagship - Aalto University ). Q.Zh. and E.I.K. acknowledge Academy of Finland project No. 316572 (CNTstress). A.G.N. and A.E.G. acknowledge the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 17-19-01787 - doping of carbon nanotubes). E.I.K. acknowledge the Academy of Finland for Mobility Grant (application number 334466). A.P.Ts. acknowledges the EDUFI Fellowship (No. TM-19-11079) from the Finnish National Agency for Education and the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation (the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters ) for personal financial support. This work made use of the Aalto University Otanano, RAMI and Bioeconomy infrastructures. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

PY - 2022/4/15

Y1 - 2022/4/15

N2 - This work contributes to the understanding of single-walled carbon nanotube synthesis by an aerosol CVD method using ethylene and toluene as a hybrid carbon source. We evaluated an extensive set of synthesis conditions revealing the role of ferrocene, toluene, and ethylene. We found the fundamental role of ethylene promoting nanotube nucleation and catalyst activation degree at all the concentrations studied, and enhancing nanotube growth at low ethylene content. We observed the interplay effect of toluene and ethylene concentrations on the nanotube growth rate, accompanied by the detrimental effect of toluene on catalyst activation degree. Nevertheless, toluene apparently promotes nanotube crystallinity, increasing the film conductivity while used as an individual carbon source. Adjusting the ethylene and toluene concentrations, we produced carbon nanotube-based transparent and conductive films with an equivalent sheet resistance (at 90% transmittance at 550 nm wavelength) value of 57 Ω/□ at the synthesis yield of 0.24 cm2 L−1, which is at least two times higher than the results reported earlier.

AB - This work contributes to the understanding of single-walled carbon nanotube synthesis by an aerosol CVD method using ethylene and toluene as a hybrid carbon source. We evaluated an extensive set of synthesis conditions revealing the role of ferrocene, toluene, and ethylene. We found the fundamental role of ethylene promoting nanotube nucleation and catalyst activation degree at all the concentrations studied, and enhancing nanotube growth at low ethylene content. We observed the interplay effect of toluene and ethylene concentrations on the nanotube growth rate, accompanied by the detrimental effect of toluene on catalyst activation degree. Nevertheless, toluene apparently promotes nanotube crystallinity, increasing the film conductivity while used as an individual carbon source. Adjusting the ethylene and toluene concentrations, we produced carbon nanotube-based transparent and conductive films with an equivalent sheet resistance (at 90% transmittance at 550 nm wavelength) value of 57 Ω/□ at the synthesis yield of 0.24 cm2 L−1, which is at least two times higher than the results reported earlier.

KW - Aerosol CVD synthesis

KW - Equivalent sheet resistance

KW - Floating catalyst

KW - Single-walled carbon nanotube

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U2 - 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.12.052

DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.12.052

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85122106146

VL - 189

SP - 474

EP - 483

JO - Carbon

JF - Carbon

SN - 0008-6223

ER -

Joint effect of ethylene and toluene on carbon nanotube growth

Abstract

Keywords

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PREIN: Photonics Research and Innovation

CNTstress: Using Carbon Nanotube Materials to Improve the Stress Grading System of an Electrical Machine

Empowering Advances in Carbon Nanotube Synthesis by Machine Learning

Bioeconomy Research Infrastructure

OtaNano

Raw Materials Research Infrastructure

Cite this

Joint effect of ethylene and toluene on carbon nanotube growth

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Embargoed Document

Fingerprint

Projects

PREIN: Photonics Research and Innovation

CNTstress: Using Carbon Nanotube Materials to Improve the Stress Grading System of an Electrical Machine

Empowering Advances in Carbon Nanotube Synthesis by Machine Learning

Equipment

Bioeconomy Research Infrastructure

OtaNano

Raw Materials Research Infrastructure

Cite this