Insights into the emission of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 through unprecedented broadband observations during 2011 and 2012

J. Aleksić; S. Ansoldi; L. A. Antonelli; P. Antoranz; C. Arcaro; A. Babic; P. Bangale; U. Barres De Almeida; J. A. Barrio; J. Becerra González; W. Bednarek; E. Bernardini; B. Biasuzzi; A. Biland; O. Blanch; S. Bonnefoy; G. Bonnoli; F. Borracci; T. Bretz; E. Carmona; A. Carosi; P. Colin; E. Colombo; J. L. Contreras; J. Cortina; S. Covino; P. Da Vela; F. Dazzi; A. De Angelis; G. De Caneva; B. De Lotto; E. De Oña Wilhelmi; C. Delgado Mendez; F. Di Pierro; D. Dominis Prester; D. Dorner; M. Doro; S. Einecke; D. Eisenacher; D. Elsaesser; A. Fernández-Barral; D. Fidalgo; M. V. Fonseca; L. Font; K. Frantzen; C. Fruck; D. Galindo; R. J. García López; M. Garczarczyk; D. Garrido Terrats; M. Gaug; N. Godinović; A. González Muñoz; S. R. Gozzini; D. Hadasch; Y. Hanabata; M. Hayashida; J. Herrera; J. Hose; D. Hrupec; W. Idec; V. Kadenius; H. Kellermann; M. L. Knoetig; K. Kodani; Y. Konno; J. Krause; H. Kubo; J. Kushida; A. La Barbera; D. Lelas; N. Lewandowska; E. Lindfors; S. Lombardi; F. Longo; M. López; R. López-Coto; A. López-Oramas; E. Lorenz; I. Lozano; M. Makariev; K. Mallot; G. Maneva; K. Mannheim; L. Maraschi; B. Marcote; M. Mariotti; M. Martínez; D. Mazin; U. Menzel; J. M. Miranda; R. Mirzoyan; A. Moralejo; P. Munar-Adrover; D. Nakajima; V. Neustroev; A. Niedzwiecki; M. Nievas Rosillo; K. Nilsson; K. Nishijima; K. Noda; R. Orito; A. Overkemping; S. Paiano; M. Palatiello; D. Paneque; R. Paoletti; J. M. Paredes; X. Paredes-Fortuny; M. Persic; J. Poutanen; P. G. Prada Moroni; E. Prandini; I. Puljak; R. Reinthal; W. Rhode; M. Ribó; J. Rico; J. Rodriguez Garcia; T. Saito; K. Saito; K. Satalecka; V. Scalzotto; V. Scapin; T. Schweizer; S. N. Shore; A. Sillanpää; J. Sitarek; I. Snidaric; D. Sobczynska; A. Stamerra; T. Steinbring; M. Strzys; L. Takalo; H. Takami; F. Tavecchio; P. Temnikov; T. Terzić; D. Tescaro; M. Teshima; J. Thaele; D. F. Torres; T. Toyama; A. Treves; P. Vogler; M. Will; R. Zanin; S. Buson; F. D'Ammando; A. Lähteenmäki; T. Hovatta; Y. Y. Kovalev; M. L. Lister; W. Max-Moerbeck; C. Mundell; A. B. Pushkarev; E. Rastorgueva-Foi; A. C S Readhead; J. L. Richards; J. Tammi; D. A. Sanchez; M. Tornikoski; Tuomas Savolainen; I. Steele

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527176

Insights into the emission of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 through unprecedented broadband observations during 2011 and 2012

J. Aleksić
, S. Ansoldi
, L. A. Antonelli
, P. Antoranz
, C. Arcaro^*
, A. Babic
, P. Bangale
, U. Barres De Almeida
, J. A. Barrio
, J. Becerra González
, W. Bednarek
, E. Bernardini
, B. Biasuzzi
, A. Biland
, O. Blanch
, S. Bonnefoy
, G. Bonnoli
, F. Borracci
, T. Bretz
, E. Carmona

A. Carosi, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, G. De Caneva, B. De Lotto, E. De Oña Wilhelmi, C. Delgado Mendez, F. Di Pierro, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, S. Einecke, D. Eisenacher, D. Elsaesser, A. Fernández-Barral, D. Fidalgo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, K. Frantzen, C. Fruck, D. Galindo, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, D. Garrido Terrats, M. Gaug, N. Godinović, A. González Muñoz, S. R. Gozzini, D. Hadasch, Y. Hanabata, M. Hayashida, J. Herrera, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, W. Idec, V. Kadenius, H. Kellermann, M. L. Knoetig, K. Kodani, Y. Konno, J. Krause, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. La Barbera, D. Lelas, N. Lewandowska, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, R. López-Coto, A. López-Oramas, E. Lorenz, I. Lozano, M. Makariev, K. Mallot, G. Maneva, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, B. Marcote, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, U. Menzel, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, A. Moralejo, P. Munar-Adrover, D. Nakajima, V. Neustroev, A. Niedzwiecki, M. Nievas Rosillo, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, R. Orito, A. Overkemping, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, X. Paredes-Fortuny, M. Persic, J. Poutanen, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, R. Reinthal, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, J. Rodriguez Garcia, T. Saito, K. Saito, K. Satalecka, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, T. Schweizer, S. N. Shore, A. Sillanpää, J. Sitarek, I. Snidaric, D. Sobczynska, A. Stamerra, T. Steinbring, M. Strzys, L. Takalo, H. Takami, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, J. Thaele, D. F. Torres, T. Toyama, A. Treves, P. Vogler, M. Will, R. Zanin, S. Buson, F. D'Ammando, A. Lähteenmäki, T. Hovatta, Y. Y. Kovalev, M. L. Lister, W. Max-Moerbeck, C. Mundell, A. B. Pushkarev, E. Rastorgueva-Foi, A. C S Readhead, J. L. Richards, J. Tammi, D. A. Sanchez, M. Tornikoski, Tuomas Savolainen, I. Steele

^*Corresponding author for this work

Autonomous University of Barcelona
University of Udine
Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
University of Siena
University of Padova
University of Rijeka
Max Planck Institute for Physics
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas
University of Maryland, College Park
University of Łódź
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas - CIEMAT
University of Würzburg
University of Barcelona
Finnish MAGIC Consortium
University of Turku
University of Pisa
ICREA
University of Insubria
Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna
California Institute of Technology
Purdue University
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
University of Liverpool
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
University of Split
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik
Complutense University of Madrid
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne
Technische Universität Dortmund
Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck
Tokai University
Tokushima University
University of Tokyo
University of Oulu
Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy
Japanese MAGIC Consortium
Kyoto University
ISDC - Science Data Center for Astrophysics
Croatian MAGIC Consortium
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
RAS - Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
Lebedev Physical Institute
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

14 Citations (Scopus)

179 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Context. 1ES 1011+496 (z = 0:212) was discovered in very high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ rays with MAGIC in 2007. The absence of simultaneous data at lower energies led to an incomplete characterization of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED). Aims. We study the source properties and the emission mechanisms, probing whether a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenario is able to explain the observed broadband spectrum. Methods. We analyzed data in the range from VHE to radio data from 2011 and 2012 collected by MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, Swift, KVA, OVRO, and Metsähovi in addition to optical polarimetry data and radio maps from the Liverpool Telescope and MOJAVE. Results. The VHE spectrum was fit with a simple power law with a photon index of 3:69 ± 0:22 and a flux above 150 GeV of (1:46 ± 0:16) × 10^-11 ph cm^-2 s^-1. The source 1ES 1011+496 was found to be in a generally quiescent state at all observed wavelengths, showing only moderate variability from radio to X-rays. A low degree of polarization of less than 10% was measured in optical, while some bright features polarized up to 60% were observed in the radio jet. A similar trend in the rotation of the electric vector position angle was found in optical and radio. The radio maps indicated a superluminal motion of 1.8±0.4 c, which is the highest speed statistically significant measured so far in a high-frequency-peaked BL Lac. Conclusions. For the first time, the high-energy bump in the broadband SED of 1ES 1011+496 could be fully characterized from 0.1 GeV to 1 TeV, which permitted a more reliable interpretation within the one-zone SSC scenario. The polarimetry data suggest that at least part of the optical emission has its origin in some of the bright radio features, while the low polarization in optical might be due to the contribution of parts of the radio jet with different orientations of the magnetic field with respect to the optical emission.

Original language	English
Article number	A10
Number of pages	14
Journal	Astronomy & Astrophysics
Volume	591
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527176
Publication status	Published - 2016
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 1011+496
galaxies: active
galaxies: jets
gamma rays: galaxies
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal

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Cite this

Aleksić, J., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Arcaro, C., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., ... Steele, I. (2016). Insights into the emission of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 through unprecedented broadband observations during 2011 and 2012. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 591, Article A10. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527176

@article{4a56a0733ebc4525bab26f2b84033901,

title = "Insights into the emission of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 through unprecedented broadband observations during 2011 and 2012",

abstract = "Context. 1ES 1011+496 (z = 0:212) was discovered in very high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ rays with MAGIC in 2007. The absence of simultaneous data at lower energies led to an incomplete characterization of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED). Aims. We study the source properties and the emission mechanisms, probing whether a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenario is able to explain the observed broadband spectrum. Methods. We analyzed data in the range from VHE to radio data from 2011 and 2012 collected by MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, Swift, KVA, OVRO, and Mets{\"a}hovi in addition to optical polarimetry data and radio maps from the Liverpool Telescope and MOJAVE. Results. The VHE spectrum was fit with a simple power law with a photon index of 3:69 ± 0:22 and a flux above 150 GeV of (1:46 ± 0:16) × 10-11 ph cm-2 s-1. The source 1ES 1011+496 was found to be in a generally quiescent state at all observed wavelengths, showing only moderate variability from radio to X-rays. A low degree of polarization of less than 10\% was measured in optical, while some bright features polarized up to 60\% were observed in the radio jet. A similar trend in the rotation of the electric vector position angle was found in optical and radio. The radio maps indicated a superluminal motion of 1.8±0.4 c, which is the highest speed statistically significant measured so far in a high-frequency-peaked BL Lac. Conclusions. For the first time, the high-energy bump in the broadband SED of 1ES 1011+496 could be fully characterized from 0.1 GeV to 1 TeV, which permitted a more reliable interpretation within the one-zone SSC scenario. The polarimetry data suggest that at least part of the optical emission has its origin in some of the bright radio features, while the low polarization in optical might be due to the contribution of parts of the radio jet with different orientations of the magnetic field with respect to the optical emission.",

keywords = "BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 1011+496, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal",

author = "J. Aleksi{\'c} and S. Ansoldi and Antonelli, \{L. A.\} and P. Antoranz and C. Arcaro and A. Babic and P. Bangale and \{Barres De Almeida\}, U. and Barrio, \{J. A.\} and \{Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez\}, J. and W. Bednarek and E. Bernardini and B. Biasuzzi and A. Biland and O. Blanch and S. Bonnefoy and G. Bonnoli and F. Borracci and T. Bretz and E. Carmona and A. Carosi and P. Colin and E. Colombo and Contreras, \{J. L.\} and J. Cortina and S. Covino and \{Da Vela\}, P. and F. Dazzi and \{De Angelis\}, A. and \{De Caneva\}, G. and \{De Lotto\}, B. and \{De O{\~n}a Wilhelmi\}, E. and \{Delgado Mendez\}, C. and \{Di Pierro\}, F. and \{Dominis Prester\}, D. and D. Dorner and M. Doro and S. Einecke and D. Eisenacher and D. Elsaesser and A. Fern{\'a}ndez-Barral and D. Fidalgo and Fonseca, \{M. V.\} and L. Font and K. Frantzen and C. Fruck and D. Galindo and \{Garc{\'i}a L{\'o}pez\}, \{R. J.\} and M. Garczarczyk and \{Garrido Terrats\}, D. and M. Gaug and N. Godinovi{\'c} and \{Gonz{\'a}lez Mu{\~n}oz\}, A. and Gozzini, \{S. R.\} and D. Hadasch and Y. Hanabata and M. Hayashida and J. Herrera and J. Hose and D. Hrupec and W. Idec and V. Kadenius and H. Kellermann and Knoetig, \{M. L.\} and K. Kodani and Y. Konno and J. Krause and H. Kubo and J. Kushida and \{La Barbera\}, A. and D. Lelas and N. Lewandowska and E. Lindfors and S. Lombardi and F. Longo and M. L{\'o}pez and R. L{\'o}pez-Coto and A. L{\'o}pez-Oramas and E. Lorenz and I. Lozano and M. Makariev and K. Mallot and G. Maneva and K. Mannheim and L. Maraschi and B. Marcote and M. Mariotti and M. Mart{\'i}nez and D. Mazin and U. Menzel and Miranda, \{J. M.\} and R. Mirzoyan and A. Moralejo and P. Munar-Adrover and D. Nakajima and V. Neustroev and A. Niedzwiecki and \{Nievas Rosillo\}, M. and K. Nilsson and K. Nishijima and K. Noda and R. Orito and A. Overkemping and S. Paiano and M. Palatiello and D. Paneque and R. Paoletti and Paredes, \{J. M.\} and X. Paredes-Fortuny and M. Persic and J. Poutanen and \{Prada Moroni\}, \{P. G.\} and E. Prandini and I. Puljak and R. Reinthal and W. Rhode and M. Rib{\'o} and J. Rico and \{Rodriguez Garcia\}, J. and T. Saito and K. Saito and K. Satalecka and V. Scalzotto and V. Scapin and T. Schweizer and Shore, \{S. N.\} and A. Sillanp{\"a}{\"a} and J. Sitarek and I. Snidaric and D. Sobczynska and A. Stamerra and T. Steinbring and M. Strzys and L. Takalo and H. Takami and F. Tavecchio and P. Temnikov and T. Terzi{\'c} and D. Tescaro and M. Teshima and J. Thaele and Torres, \{D. F.\} and T. Toyama and A. Treves and P. Vogler and M. Will and R. Zanin and S. Buson and F. D'Ammando and A. L{\"a}hteenm{\"a}ki and T. Hovatta and Kovalev, \{Y. Y.\} and Lister, \{M. L.\} and W. Max-Moerbeck and C. Mundell and Pushkarev, \{A. B.\} and E. Rastorgueva-Foi and Readhead, \{A. C S\} and Richards, \{J. L.\} and J. Tammi and Sanchez, \{D. A.\} and M. Tornikoski and Tuomas Savolainen and I. Steele",

year = "2016",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201527176",

language = "English",

volume = "591",

journal = "Astronomy \& Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

}

Aleksić, J, Ansoldi, S, Antonelli, LA, Antoranz, P, Arcaro, C, Babic, A, Bangale, P, Barres De Almeida, U, Barrio, JA, Becerra González, J, Bednarek, W, Bernardini, E, Biasuzzi, B, Biland, A, Blanch, O, Bonnefoy, S, Bonnoli, G, Borracci, F, Bretz, T, Carmona, E, Carosi, A, Colin, P, Colombo, E, Contreras, JL, Cortina, J, Covino, S, Da Vela, P, Dazzi, F, De Angelis, A, De Caneva, G, De Lotto, B, De Oña Wilhelmi, E, Delgado Mendez, C, Di Pierro, F, Dominis Prester, D, Dorner, D, Doro, M, Einecke, S, Eisenacher, D, Elsaesser, D, Fernández-Barral, A, Fidalgo, D, Fonseca, MV, Font, L, Frantzen, K, Fruck, C, Galindo, D, García López, RJ, Garczarczyk, M, Garrido Terrats, D, Gaug, M, Godinović, N, González Muñoz, A, Gozzini, SR, Hadasch, D, Hanabata, Y, Hayashida, M, Herrera, J, Hose, J, Hrupec, D, Idec, W, Kadenius, V, Kellermann, H, Knoetig, ML, Kodani, K, Konno, Y, Krause, J, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, La Barbera, A, Lelas, D, Lewandowska, N, Lindfors, E, Lombardi, S, Longo, F, López, M, López-Coto, R, López-Oramas, A, Lorenz, E, Lozano, I, Makariev, M, Mallot, K, Maneva, G, Mannheim, K, Maraschi, L, Marcote, B, Mariotti, M, Martínez, M, Mazin, D, Menzel, U, Miranda, JM, Mirzoyan, R, Moralejo, A, Munar-Adrover, P, Nakajima, D, Neustroev, V, Niedzwiecki, A, Nievas Rosillo, M, Nilsson, K, Nishijima, K, Noda, K, Orito, R, Overkemping, A, Paiano, S, Palatiello, M, Paneque, D, Paoletti, R, Paredes, JM, Paredes-Fortuny, X, Persic, M, Poutanen, J, Prada Moroni, PG, Prandini, E, Puljak, I, Reinthal, R, Rhode, W, Ribó, M, Rico, J, Rodriguez Garcia, J, Saito, T, Saito, K, Satalecka, K, Scalzotto, V, Scapin, V, Schweizer, T, Shore, SN, Sillanpää, A, Sitarek, J, Snidaric, I, Sobczynska, D, Stamerra, A, Steinbring, T, Strzys, M, Takalo, L, Takami, H, Tavecchio, F, Temnikov, P, Terzić, T, Tescaro, D, Teshima, M, Thaele, J, Torres, DF, Toyama, T, Treves, A, Vogler, P, Will, M, Zanin, R, Buson, S, D'Ammando, F, Lähteenmäki, A , Hovatta, T, Kovalev, YY, Lister, ML, Max-Moerbeck, W, Mundell, C, Pushkarev, AB, Rastorgueva-Foi, E, Readhead, ACS, Richards, JL, Tammi, J, Sanchez, DA, Tornikoski, M , Savolainen, T & Steele, I 2016, 'Insights into the emission of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 through unprecedented broadband observations during 2011 and 2012', Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 591, A10. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527176

TY - JOUR

T1 - Insights into the emission of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 through unprecedented broadband observations during 2011 and 2012

AU - Aleksić, J.

AU - Ansoldi, S.

AU - Antonelli, L. A.

AU - Antoranz, P.

AU - Arcaro, C.

AU - Babic, A.

AU - Bangale, P.

AU - Barres De Almeida, U.

AU - Barrio, J. A.

AU - Becerra González, J.

AU - Bednarek, W.

AU - Bernardini, E.

AU - Biasuzzi, B.

AU - Biland, A.

AU - Blanch, O.

AU - Bonnefoy, S.

AU - Bonnoli, G.

AU - Borracci, F.

AU - Bretz, T.

AU - Carmona, E.

AU - Carosi, A.

AU - Colin, P.

AU - Colombo, E.

AU - Contreras, J. L.

AU - Cortina, J.

AU - Covino, S.

AU - Da Vela, P.

AU - Dazzi, F.

AU - De Angelis, A.

AU - De Caneva, G.

AU - De Lotto, B.

AU - De Oña Wilhelmi, E.

AU - Delgado Mendez, C.

AU - Di Pierro, F.

AU - Dominis Prester, D.

AU - Dorner, D.

AU - Doro, M.

AU - Einecke, S.

AU - Eisenacher, D.

AU - Elsaesser, D.

AU - Fernández-Barral, A.

AU - Fidalgo, D.

AU - Fonseca, M. V.

AU - Font, L.

AU - Frantzen, K.

AU - Fruck, C.

AU - Galindo, D.

AU - García López, R. J.

AU - Garczarczyk, M.

AU - Garrido Terrats, D.

AU - Gaug, M.

AU - Godinović, N.

AU - González Muñoz, A.

AU - Gozzini, S. R.

AU - Hadasch, D.

AU - Hanabata, Y.

AU - Hayashida, M.

AU - Herrera, J.

AU - Hose, J.

AU - Hrupec, D.

AU - Idec, W.

AU - Kadenius, V.

AU - Kellermann, H.

AU - Knoetig, M. L.

AU - Kodani, K.

AU - Konno, Y.

AU - Krause, J.

AU - Kubo, H.

AU - Kushida, J.

AU - La Barbera, A.

AU - Lelas, D.

AU - Lewandowska, N.

AU - Lindfors, E.

AU - Lombardi, S.

AU - Longo, F.

AU - López, M.

AU - López-Coto, R.

AU - López-Oramas, A.

AU - Lorenz, E.

AU - Lozano, I.

AU - Makariev, M.

AU - Mallot, K.

AU - Maneva, G.

AU - Mannheim, K.

AU - Maraschi, L.

AU - Marcote, B.

AU - Mariotti, M.

AU - Martínez, M.

AU - Mazin, D.

AU - Menzel, U.

AU - Miranda, J. M.

AU - Mirzoyan, R.

AU - Moralejo, A.

AU - Munar-Adrover, P.

AU - Nakajima, D.

AU - Neustroev, V.

AU - Niedzwiecki, A.

AU - Nievas Rosillo, M.

AU - Nilsson, K.

AU - Nishijima, K.

AU - Noda, K.

AU - Orito, R.

AU - Overkemping, A.

AU - Paiano, S.

AU - Palatiello, M.

AU - Paneque, D.

AU - Paoletti, R.

AU - Paredes, J. M.

AU - Paredes-Fortuny, X.

AU - Persic, M.

AU - Poutanen, J.

AU - Prada Moroni, P. G.

AU - Prandini, E.

AU - Puljak, I.

AU - Reinthal, R.

AU - Rhode, W.

AU - Ribó, M.

AU - Rico, J.

AU - Rodriguez Garcia, J.

AU - Saito, T.

AU - Saito, K.

AU - Satalecka, K.

AU - Scalzotto, V.

AU - Scapin, V.

AU - Schweizer, T.

AU - Shore, S. N.

AU - Sillanpää, A.

AU - Sitarek, J.

AU - Snidaric, I.

AU - Sobczynska, D.

AU - Stamerra, A.

AU - Steinbring, T.

AU - Strzys, M.

AU - Takalo, L.

AU - Takami, H.

AU - Tavecchio, F.

AU - Temnikov, P.

AU - Terzić, T.

AU - Tescaro, D.

AU - Teshima, M.

AU - Thaele, J.

AU - Torres, D. F.

AU - Toyama, T.

AU - Treves, A.

AU - Vogler, P.

AU - Will, M.

AU - Zanin, R.

AU - Buson, S.

AU - D'Ammando, F.

AU - Lähteenmäki, A.

AU - Hovatta, T.

AU - Kovalev, Y. Y.

AU - Lister, M. L.

AU - Max-Moerbeck, W.

AU - Mundell, C.

AU - Pushkarev, A. B.

AU - Rastorgueva-Foi, E.

AU - Readhead, A. C S

AU - Richards, J. L.

AU - Tammi, J.

AU - Sanchez, D. A.

AU - Tornikoski, M.

AU - Savolainen, Tuomas

AU - Steele, I.

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - Context. 1ES 1011+496 (z = 0:212) was discovered in very high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ rays with MAGIC in 2007. The absence of simultaneous data at lower energies led to an incomplete characterization of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED). Aims. We study the source properties and the emission mechanisms, probing whether a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenario is able to explain the observed broadband spectrum. Methods. We analyzed data in the range from VHE to radio data from 2011 and 2012 collected by MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, Swift, KVA, OVRO, and Metsähovi in addition to optical polarimetry data and radio maps from the Liverpool Telescope and MOJAVE. Results. The VHE spectrum was fit with a simple power law with a photon index of 3:69 ± 0:22 and a flux above 150 GeV of (1:46 ± 0:16) × 10-11 ph cm-2 s-1. The source 1ES 1011+496 was found to be in a generally quiescent state at all observed wavelengths, showing only moderate variability from radio to X-rays. A low degree of polarization of less than 10% was measured in optical, while some bright features polarized up to 60% were observed in the radio jet. A similar trend in the rotation of the electric vector position angle was found in optical and radio. The radio maps indicated a superluminal motion of 1.8±0.4 c, which is the highest speed statistically significant measured so far in a high-frequency-peaked BL Lac. Conclusions. For the first time, the high-energy bump in the broadband SED of 1ES 1011+496 could be fully characterized from 0.1 GeV to 1 TeV, which permitted a more reliable interpretation within the one-zone SSC scenario. The polarimetry data suggest that at least part of the optical emission has its origin in some of the bright radio features, while the low polarization in optical might be due to the contribution of parts of the radio jet with different orientations of the magnetic field with respect to the optical emission.

AB - Context. 1ES 1011+496 (z = 0:212) was discovered in very high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ rays with MAGIC in 2007. The absence of simultaneous data at lower energies led to an incomplete characterization of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED). Aims. We study the source properties and the emission mechanisms, probing whether a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenario is able to explain the observed broadband spectrum. Methods. We analyzed data in the range from VHE to radio data from 2011 and 2012 collected by MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, Swift, KVA, OVRO, and Metsähovi in addition to optical polarimetry data and radio maps from the Liverpool Telescope and MOJAVE. Results. The VHE spectrum was fit with a simple power law with a photon index of 3:69 ± 0:22 and a flux above 150 GeV of (1:46 ± 0:16) × 10-11 ph cm-2 s-1. The source 1ES 1011+496 was found to be in a generally quiescent state at all observed wavelengths, showing only moderate variability from radio to X-rays. A low degree of polarization of less than 10% was measured in optical, while some bright features polarized up to 60% were observed in the radio jet. A similar trend in the rotation of the electric vector position angle was found in optical and radio. The radio maps indicated a superluminal motion of 1.8±0.4 c, which is the highest speed statistically significant measured so far in a high-frequency-peaked BL Lac. Conclusions. For the first time, the high-energy bump in the broadband SED of 1ES 1011+496 could be fully characterized from 0.1 GeV to 1 TeV, which permitted a more reliable interpretation within the one-zone SSC scenario. The polarimetry data suggest that at least part of the optical emission has its origin in some of the bright radio features, while the low polarization in optical might be due to the contribution of parts of the radio jet with different orientations of the magnetic field with respect to the optical emission.

KW - BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 1011+496

KW - galaxies: active

KW - galaxies: jets

KW - gamma rays: galaxies

KW - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84973402418

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201527176

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201527176

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84973402418

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 591

JO - Astronomy & Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics

M1 - A10

ER -

Insights into the emission of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 through unprecedented broadband observations during 2011 and 2012

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Metsähovi Radio Observatory

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Insights into the emission of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 through unprecedented broadband observations during 2011 and 2012

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Metsähovi Radio Observatory

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