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Abstract
Solar energetic particles are one of the main sources of particle radiation seen in space. In the first part of September 2017 the most active solar period of cycle 24 produced four large X-class flares and a series of (interplanetary) coronal mass ejections, which gave rise to radiation storms seen over all energies and at the ground by neutron monitors. This paper presents comprehensive cross comparisons of in situ radiation detector data from near-Earth satellites to give an appraisal on the state of present data processing for monitors of such particles. Many of these data sets have been the target of previous cross calibrations, and this event with a hard spectrum provides the opportunity to validate these results. As a result of the excellent agreement found between these data sets and the use of neutron monitor data, this paper also presents an analytical expression for fluence spectrum for the event. Derived ionizing dose values have been computed to show that although there is a significant high-energy component, the event was not particularly concerning as regards dose effects in spacecraft electronics. Several sets of spacecraft data illustrating single event effects are presented showing a more significant impact in this regard. Such a hard event can penetrate thick shielding; human dose quantities measured inside the International Space Station and derived through modeling for aircraft altitudes are also presented. Lastly, simulation results of coronal mass ejection propagation through the heliosphere are presented along with data from Mars-orbiting spacecraft in addition to data from the Mars surface.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 99-117 |
| Number of pages | 19 |
| Journal | Space Weather |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Jan 2019 |
| MoE publication type | A1 Journal article-refereed |
Funding
1European Space Research and Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands, 2European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, Darmstadt, Germany, 3The Aerospace Corporation, VA, Chantilly, USA, 4Space Climate Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 5Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, Sodankylä, Finland, 6Department of Space Science, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 7Center for Space Radiations, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, 8DH Consultancy, Leuven, Belgium, 9Space Applications and Research Consultancy, Athens, Greece, 10Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany, 11Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, 12European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency, Cologne, Germany, 13Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK, 14Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA, 15Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, 16Space Systems Finland Oy, Espoo, Finland, 17National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan NOAA’s NCEI (National Centers for Environmental Information) is the authoritative provider for original GOES data which can be accessed here: https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/ satellite/goes/. The work to derive the effective energies for the GOES/EPEAD instrument was supported under ESA contract 4000108377/13/NL/AK. Along with extensive cleaning of the data to correct for caveats, this results in the SEPEM Reference Data Set (RDS). Version 2.1 of the RDS can be found here: http://sepem.eu/help/SEPEM_ RDS_v2-01.zip. The work to derive cross-calibrated fluxes for the Proba-1/SREM and INTEGRAL/IREM data was supported under ESA contract 21480/08/NL/NR. The authors are grateful to the PROBA-V/EPT teams at B.USOC and ESA/Redu for deep involvement in the data acquisition process. The CSR team also thanks P. Coquay, J. Nijskens, H. Verbeelen, and W. Verschueren at the Belgian Science Policy - Space Research and Applications (BELSPO) for support to the PRODEX project entitled “PROBA-V/EPT-Data Exploitation-Extension,” ESA/PRODEX PEA C4000107617. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (Japan) is acknowledged for providing access to Space Environment Data Acquisition Monitor (SEDA) data. SEDA data analysis was supported by ESA contract 4000119253/17/NL/LF/hh. The RPS work was supported by NASA Van Allen Probes science funding through JHU/APL on contract NNN0601C. RPS sensor data are available from the Virtual Radiation Belt Observatory at virbo.org/RBSP/RPS. The work to derive the GLE fluxes and aircraft doses was supported by the Academy of Finland (project 272157, Center of Excellence ReSoLVE and project 267186) and the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (grant ST/N000749/1). At DLR, Cologne, DOSIS 3D was supported by the DLR grant FuE-Projekt “ISS LIFE” (Programm RF-FuW, Teilprogramm 475). This work was supported at the NASA Johnson Space Center by the NASA Human Health and Performance Contract, NNJ15HK11B. The MSL-RAD project is supported in the United States by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, under Jet Propulsion Laboratory subcontract 1273039 to Southwest Research Institute, and in Germany by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and DLR’s Space Administration grants 50QM0501, 50QM1201, and 50QM1701 to the Christian Albrechts University, Kiel. The work to derive Electro-L2 and Meteor-M2 data was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 16-17-00098). The authors thank J. J.
Keywords
- dose
- GLE
- radiation
- SEEs
- SEP
- SPE
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Dive into the research topics of 'In Situ Data and Effect Correlation During September 2017 Solar Particle Event'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.Projects
- 1 Finished
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ReSoLVE1
Tanskanen, E. (Principal investigator), Nikbakhsh, S. (Project Member) & Peitso, P. (Project Member)
01/05/2016 → 31/12/2016
Project: Academy of Finland: Other research funding