Identification of cyber-attack scenarios in a marine Dual-Fuel engine

Ships are becoming increasingly interconnected as the maritime industry is undergoing the industry 4.0 revolution. This is associated with more effective management and reduced operational costs but also with cybersecurity challenges. Ships are assets of significant value, and the increased interconnectivity renders them a lucrative object for cyber-attacks. At the same time, the propulsion function is considered especially important on ships from safety but also from cybersecurity perspective. The aim of this paper is the identification of cybersecurity attack scenarios in a dual-fuel engine. For this purpose, we employ Failure Modes, Vulnerabilities and Effects Analysis, an advanced method for cybersecurity analysis. The method is based on the Failure Modes Effect Analysis but incorporates aspects related to cybersecurity, such as the identification of the potential vulnerabilities that can be exploited and threat scenarios that can arise. Using this method, we identify the potential ways to infiltrate into the engine network and to cause damage or take control over the investigated engine. Based on the analysis results we propose specific measures for investigated engine design improvement.