Heavy metals from heavy land use? Spatio-temporal patterns of urban runoff metal loads

Maija Taka; Nora Sillanpää; Tero Niemi; Lassi Warsta; Teemu Kokkonen; Heikki Setälä

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152855

Heavy metals from heavy land use? Spatio-temporal patterns of urban runoff metal loads

Maija Taka^*, Nora Sillanpää, Tero Niemi, Lassi Warsta, Teemu Kokkonen, Heikki Setälä

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

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Abstract

Urban hydrology is characterized by increased runoff and various pollutant sources. We studied the spatio-temporal patterns of stormwater metal (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb) concentrations and loads in five urbanized and one rural catchment in Southern Finland. The two-year continuous monitoring revealed a non-linear seasonal relationship between catchment urban intensity and metal export. For runoff, seasonal variation decreased with increasing imperviousness. The most urbanized catchments experienced greatest temporal variation in metal concentrations: the annual Cu and Zn loads in most of the studied urbanized catchments were up to 86 times higher compared to the rural site, whereas Fe loads in the urbanized catchments were only circa 29% of the rural load. Total metal levels were highest in the winter, whereas the winter peak of dissolved metal concentrations was less pronounced. The collection of catchment characteristics explained well the total metal concentrations, whereas for the dissolved concentrations the explanatory power was weaker. Our catchment-scale analysis revealed a mosaic of mainly diffuse pollutant sources and calls for catchment-scale management designs. As urban metal export occurred across seasons, solutions that operate also in cold conditions are needed.

Original language	English
Article number	152855
Number of pages	11
Journal	Science of the Total Environment
Volume	817
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152855
Publication status	Published - 15 Apr 2022
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

Metal
Pollutant export
Seasonality
Stormwater
Urban water

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152855Licence: CC BY-NC-ND

1-s2.0-S0048969721079341-mainFinal published version, 1.37 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

Cite this

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title = "Heavy metals from heavy land use? Spatio-temporal patterns of urban runoff metal loads",

abstract = "Urban hydrology is characterized by increased runoff and various pollutant sources. We studied the spatio-temporal patterns of stormwater metal (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb) concentrations and loads in five urbanized and one rural catchment in Southern Finland. The two-year continuous monitoring revealed a non-linear seasonal relationship between catchment urban intensity and metal export. For runoff, seasonal variation decreased with increasing imperviousness. The most urbanized catchments experienced greatest temporal variation in metal concentrations: the annual Cu and Zn loads in most of the studied urbanized catchments were up to 86 times higher compared to the rural site, whereas Fe loads in the urbanized catchments were only circa 29% of the rural load. Total metal levels were highest in the winter, whereas the winter peak of dissolved metal concentrations was less pronounced. The collection of catchment characteristics explained well the total metal concentrations, whereas for the dissolved concentrations the explanatory power was weaker. Our catchment-scale analysis revealed a mosaic of mainly diffuse pollutant sources and calls for catchment-scale management designs. As urban metal export occurred across seasons, solutions that operate also in cold conditions are needed.",

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author = "Maija Taka and Nora Sillanp{\"a}{\"a} and Tero Niemi and Lassi Warsta and Teemu Kokkonen and Heikki Set{\"a}l{\"a}",

note = "Funding Information: We want to thank Dr. Marjo Valtanen, Dr. Olli Ruth and all the other partners in the URCA research consortium for contributing with the data collection and analysis. This work was funded by the Academy of Finland (Project URCA within the AKVA program, project numbers 263308 , 263320 , and 263335 ), European Union Life + program (2009–2011), and Maa- ja Vesitekniikan Tuki Ry . We acknowledge the Environmental Laboratory at the Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki for assistance in study design and sample analysis. Additionally, we thank Ms. Amy Fallon for the language check. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors",

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AU - Taka, Maija

AU - Sillanpää, Nora

AU - Niemi, Tero

AU - Warsta, Lassi

AU - Kokkonen, Teemu

AU - Setälä, Heikki

N1 - Funding Information: We want to thank Dr. Marjo Valtanen, Dr. Olli Ruth and all the other partners in the URCA research consortium for contributing with the data collection and analysis. This work was funded by the Academy of Finland (Project URCA within the AKVA program, project numbers 263308 , 263320 , and 263335 ), European Union Life + program (2009–2011), and Maa- ja Vesitekniikan Tuki Ry . We acknowledge the Environmental Laboratory at the Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki for assistance in study design and sample analysis. Additionally, we thank Ms. Amy Fallon for the language check. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors

PY - 2022/4/15

Y1 - 2022/4/15

N2 - Urban hydrology is characterized by increased runoff and various pollutant sources. We studied the spatio-temporal patterns of stormwater metal (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb) concentrations and loads in five urbanized and one rural catchment in Southern Finland. The two-year continuous monitoring revealed a non-linear seasonal relationship between catchment urban intensity and metal export. For runoff, seasonal variation decreased with increasing imperviousness. The most urbanized catchments experienced greatest temporal variation in metal concentrations: the annual Cu and Zn loads in most of the studied urbanized catchments were up to 86 times higher compared to the rural site, whereas Fe loads in the urbanized catchments were only circa 29% of the rural load. Total metal levels were highest in the winter, whereas the winter peak of dissolved metal concentrations was less pronounced. The collection of catchment characteristics explained well the total metal concentrations, whereas for the dissolved concentrations the explanatory power was weaker. Our catchment-scale analysis revealed a mosaic of mainly diffuse pollutant sources and calls for catchment-scale management designs. As urban metal export occurred across seasons, solutions that operate also in cold conditions are needed.

AB - Urban hydrology is characterized by increased runoff and various pollutant sources. We studied the spatio-temporal patterns of stormwater metal (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb) concentrations and loads in five urbanized and one rural catchment in Southern Finland. The two-year continuous monitoring revealed a non-linear seasonal relationship between catchment urban intensity and metal export. For runoff, seasonal variation decreased with increasing imperviousness. The most urbanized catchments experienced greatest temporal variation in metal concentrations: the annual Cu and Zn loads in most of the studied urbanized catchments were up to 86 times higher compared to the rural site, whereas Fe loads in the urbanized catchments were only circa 29% of the rural load. Total metal levels were highest in the winter, whereas the winter peak of dissolved metal concentrations was less pronounced. The collection of catchment characteristics explained well the total metal concentrations, whereas for the dissolved concentrations the explanatory power was weaker. Our catchment-scale analysis revealed a mosaic of mainly diffuse pollutant sources and calls for catchment-scale management designs. As urban metal export occurred across seasons, solutions that operate also in cold conditions are needed.

KW - Metal

KW - Pollutant export

KW - Seasonality

KW - Stormwater

KW - Urban water

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SN - 0048-9697

VL - 817

JO - Science of the Total Environment

JF - Science of the Total Environment

M1 - 152855

ER -

Heavy metals from heavy land use? Spatio-temporal patterns of urban runoff metal loads

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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The quality and quantity of runoff water in relation to land use in urbanised catchments

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Heavy metals from heavy land use? Spatio-temporal patterns of urban runoff metal loads

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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The quality and quantity of runoff water in relation to land use in urbanised catchments

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