TY - JOUR
T1 - Fundamentals of force-controlled friction riveting
T2 - Part II-Joint global mechanical performance and energy efficiency
AU - Cipriano, Gonçalo Pina
AU - Blaga, Lucian A.
AU - dos Santos, Jorge F.
AU - Vilaça, Pedro
AU - Amancio-Filho, Sergio T.
PY - 2018/12/7
Y1 - 2018/12/7
N2 - The present work investigates the correlation between energy efficiency and global mechanical performance of hybrid aluminum alloy AA2024 (polyetherimide joints), produced by force-controlled friction riveting. The combinations of parameters followed a central composite design of experiments. Joint formation was correlated with mechanical performance via a volumetric ratio (0.28-0.66 a.u.), with a proposed improvement yielding higher accuracy. Global mechanical performance and ultimate tensile force varied considerably across the range of parameters (1096-9668 N). An energy efficiency threshold was established at 90 J, until which, energy input displayed good linear correlations with volumetric ratio and mechanical performance (R-sq of 0.87 and 0.86, respectively). Additional energy did not significantly contribute toward increasing mechanical performance. Friction parameters (i.e., force and time) displayed the most significant contributions to mechanical performance (32.0% and 21.4%, respectively), given their effects on heat development. For the investigated ranges, forging parameters did not have a significant contribution. A correlation between friction parameters was established to maximize mechanical response while minimizing energy usage. The knowledge from Parts I and II of this investigation allows the production of friction riveted connections in an energy efficient manner and control optimization approach, introduced for the first time in friction riveting.
AB - The present work investigates the correlation between energy efficiency and global mechanical performance of hybrid aluminum alloy AA2024 (polyetherimide joints), produced by force-controlled friction riveting. The combinations of parameters followed a central composite design of experiments. Joint formation was correlated with mechanical performance via a volumetric ratio (0.28-0.66 a.u.), with a proposed improvement yielding higher accuracy. Global mechanical performance and ultimate tensile force varied considerably across the range of parameters (1096-9668 N). An energy efficiency threshold was established at 90 J, until which, energy input displayed good linear correlations with volumetric ratio and mechanical performance (R-sq of 0.87 and 0.86, respectively). Additional energy did not significantly contribute toward increasing mechanical performance. Friction parameters (i.e., force and time) displayed the most significant contributions to mechanical performance (32.0% and 21.4%, respectively), given their effects on heat development. For the investigated ranges, forging parameters did not have a significant contribution. A correlation between friction parameters was established to maximize mechanical response while minimizing energy usage. The knowledge from Parts I and II of this investigation allows the production of friction riveted connections in an energy efficient manner and control optimization approach, introduced for the first time in friction riveting.
KW - Friction
KW - Hybrid structures
KW - Joining
KW - Response surface
KW - Riveting
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85058125191&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/ma11122489
DO - 10.3390/ma11122489
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85058125191
SN - 1996-1944
VL - 11
JO - Materials
JF - Materials
IS - 12
M1 - 2489
ER -
