From electricity and water consumption data to information on office occupancy

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Abstract

Climate change and technology development are pushing buildings to become more sophisticated. The installation of modern building automation systems, smart meters and IoT devices is increasing the amount of available building operational data. The common term for this kind of building is a smart building but producing large amounts of raw data does not automatically offer intelligence which would offer new insights to the building’s operation. Smart meters are mainly used only for tracking the energy or water consumption in the building. On the other hand, building occupancy is usually not monitored in the building at all, even though it is one of the main influencing factors of consumption and indoor climate parameters. This paper is bringing the true smart building closer to practice by using machine learning methods with sub-metered electricity and water consumptions to predict the building occupancy. In the first approach, the number of occupants was predicted in an office floor using a supervised data mining method Random Forest. The model performed the best with the use of all predictors available, while from individual predictors, the sub-metered electricity used for office equipment showed the best performance. Since the supervised approach requires the continuous long-term collection of ground truth reference data (between one to three months, by this study), an unsupervised data mining method k-means clustering was tested in the second approach. With the unsupervised method, this study was able to predict the level of occupancy in a day as zero, medium, or high in a case study office floor using the equipment electricity consumption.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationSisäilmastoseminaari 2021. Verkkoseminaari 9.3.2021
EditorsMervi Ahola, Anna Merikari
PublisherSIY Sisäilmatieto Oy
Pages113-118
Number of pages6
ISBN (Print)978-952-5236-52-1
Publication statusPublished - 2021
MoE publication typeD3 Professional conference proceedings
EventSisäilmastoseminaari - Helsinki, Finland
Duration: 9 Mar 20219 Mar 2021

Publication series

NameSisäilmayhdistys raportti
Number39
ISSN (Print)1237-1866

Seminar

SeminarSisäilmastoseminaari
Country/TerritoryFinland
CityHelsinki
Period09/03/202109/03/2021

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