Fracture energy of columnar freshwater ice: Influence of loading type, loading rate and size

I. E. Gharamti; J. P. Dempsey; A. Polojärvi; J. Tuhkuri

doi:10.1016/j.mtla.2021.101188

Fracture energy of columnar freshwater ice: Influence of loading type, loading rate and size

I. E. Gharamti^*, J. P. Dempsey^*, A. Polojärvi, J. Tuhkuri

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Clarkson University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

This work investigates the influence of loading type, loading rate, and test size on the fracture energy of columnar freshwater S2 ice. The ice sheet in the Ice tank at Aalto University was very warm (above -0.5 ^∘C) and thick (0.34<h<0.41 m). A program of nineteen mode I fracture tests using deeply cracked edge-cracked rectangular plates of various sizes (size range 1:39), loading types, and loading rates were carried out. Fourteen displacement-controlled tests (DC) were loaded monotonically to fracture, and five load-controlled tests (LC) were conducted with creep/cyclic-recovery and monotonic loading to fracture. Different methods for computing the fracture energy were applied and compared. The apparent fracture energy at crack growth initiation was obtained via Rice's J-integral expression (J_Q) modified to be applicable to the special case of a deeply cracked edge-cracked plate as well as via a viscoelastic fictitious crack analysis (G_VFCM). The work-of-fracture (W_f) was also evaluated. Both J_Q and W_f were measured from the load-displacement record at the crack mouth. G_VFCM was obtained from the back-calculated stress-separation (σ−δ) relation within the fracture process zone. A rather good agreement was obtained between G_VFCM and J_Q, especially for the large specimens. J_Q and W_f exhibited interrelated size and rate effects. The W_f/J_Q values for the DC tests were affected by rate and confined to a narrow range of 1 to 3. The creep-recovery loading did not affect the J_Q values but led to an increase in the W_f and W_f/J_Q values for most of the LC tests.

Original language	English
Article number	101188
Number of pages	8
Journal	Materialia
Volume	20
Early online date	23 Aug 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2021.101188
Publication status	Published - Dec 2021
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

Creep
Fracture energy
Freshwater ice
J-integral
Rate effect
Size effect

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Cite this

@article{4ec2b69494214285a9462f04022fa260,

title = "Fracture energy of columnar freshwater ice: Influence of loading type, loading rate and size",

abstract = "This work investigates the influence of loading type, loading rate, and test size on the fracture energy of columnar freshwater S2 ice. The ice sheet in the Ice tank at Aalto University was very warm (above -0.5 ∘C) and thick (0.34Q) modified to be applicable to the special case of a deeply cracked edge-cracked plate as well as via a viscoelastic fictitious crack analysis (GVFCM). The work-of-fracture (Wf) was also evaluated. Both JQ and Wf were measured from the load-displacement record at the crack mouth. GVFCM was obtained from the back-calculated stress-separation (σ−δ) relation within the fracture process zone. A rather good agreement was obtained between GVFCM and JQ, especially for the large specimens. JQ and Wf exhibited interrelated size and rate effects. The Wf/JQ values for the DC tests were affected by rate and confined to a narrow range of 1 to 3. The creep-recovery loading did not affect the JQ values but led to an increase in the Wf and Wf/JQ values for most of the LC tests.",

keywords = "Creep, Fracture energy, Freshwater ice, J-integral, Rate effect, Size effect",

author = "Gharamti, {I. E.} and Dempsey, {J. P.} and A. Poloj{\"a}rvi and J. Tuhkuri",

note = "Funding Information: This work was funded though the Finland Distinguished Professor programme ”Scaling of Ice Strength: Measurements and Modeling”, and through the ARAJ research project, both funded by Business Finland and the industrial partners Aker Arctic Technology, Arctech Helsinki Shipyard, Arctia Shipping, ABB Marine, Finnish Transport Agency, Suomen Hyȵtytuuli Oy, and Ponvia Oy. This financial support is gratefully acknowledged. The second author (J.P.D.) thanks Business Finland for support by the FiDiPro Professorship from Aalto University, and the sabbatical support from Aalto University, which collectively supported an annual visit 2015–2016, and summer visits 2017–2019. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s)",

year = "2021",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.mtla.2021.101188",

language = "English",

volume = "20",

journal = "Materialia",

issn = "2589-1529",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Fracture energy of columnar freshwater ice

T2 - Influence of loading type, loading rate and size

AU - Gharamti, I. E.

AU - Dempsey, J. P.

AU - Polojärvi, A.

AU - Tuhkuri, J.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was funded though the Finland Distinguished Professor programme ”Scaling of Ice Strength: Measurements and Modeling”, and through the ARAJ research project, both funded by Business Finland and the industrial partners Aker Arctic Technology, Arctech Helsinki Shipyard, Arctia Shipping, ABB Marine, Finnish Transport Agency, Suomen Hyȵtytuuli Oy, and Ponvia Oy. This financial support is gratefully acknowledged. The second author (J.P.D.) thanks Business Finland for support by the FiDiPro Professorship from Aalto University, and the sabbatical support from Aalto University, which collectively supported an annual visit 2015–2016, and summer visits 2017–2019. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s)

PY - 2021/12

Y1 - 2021/12

N2 - This work investigates the influence of loading type, loading rate, and test size on the fracture energy of columnar freshwater S2 ice. The ice sheet in the Ice tank at Aalto University was very warm (above -0.5 ∘C) and thick (0.34Q) modified to be applicable to the special case of a deeply cracked edge-cracked plate as well as via a viscoelastic fictitious crack analysis (GVFCM). The work-of-fracture (Wf) was also evaluated. Both JQ and Wf were measured from the load-displacement record at the crack mouth. GVFCM was obtained from the back-calculated stress-separation (σ−δ) relation within the fracture process zone. A rather good agreement was obtained between GVFCM and JQ, especially for the large specimens. JQ and Wf exhibited interrelated size and rate effects. The Wf/JQ values for the DC tests were affected by rate and confined to a narrow range of 1 to 3. The creep-recovery loading did not affect the JQ values but led to an increase in the Wf and Wf/JQ values for most of the LC tests.

AB - This work investigates the influence of loading type, loading rate, and test size on the fracture energy of columnar freshwater S2 ice. The ice sheet in the Ice tank at Aalto University was very warm (above -0.5 ∘C) and thick (0.34Q) modified to be applicable to the special case of a deeply cracked edge-cracked plate as well as via a viscoelastic fictitious crack analysis (GVFCM). The work-of-fracture (Wf) was also evaluated. Both JQ and Wf were measured from the load-displacement record at the crack mouth. GVFCM was obtained from the back-calculated stress-separation (σ−δ) relation within the fracture process zone. A rather good agreement was obtained between GVFCM and JQ, especially for the large specimens. JQ and Wf exhibited interrelated size and rate effects. The Wf/JQ values for the DC tests were affected by rate and confined to a narrow range of 1 to 3. The creep-recovery loading did not affect the JQ values but led to an increase in the Wf and Wf/JQ values for most of the LC tests.

KW - Creep

KW - Fracture energy

KW - Freshwater ice

KW - J-integral

KW - Rate effect

KW - Size effect

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U2 - 10.1016/j.mtla.2021.101188

DO - 10.1016/j.mtla.2021.101188

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85113787948

SN - 2589-1529

VL - 20

JO - Materialia

JF - Materialia

M1 - 101188

ER -

Fracture energy of columnar freshwater ice: Influence of loading type, loading rate and size

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Aalto Ice and Wave Tank

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Fracture energy of columnar freshwater ice: Influence of loading type, loading rate and size

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Aalto Ice and Wave Tank

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