Flexural Strength of Freshwater Ice in Saimaa Area

Mikko Suominen; Roman Repin; Liangliang Lu; Fang Li; Pentti Kujala

Flexural Strength of Freshwater Ice in Saimaa Area

Mikko Suominen, Roman Repin, Liangliang Lu, Fang Li, Pentti Kujala

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

79 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Inland waterways are important for exporting goods from Eastern Finland. To develop new solutions for a sustainable and efficient transportation in these areas, INFUTURE project was launched that includes model-scale testing in Aalto Ice Tank. In order to define the ice conditions for the tests, a measurement campaign was launched that covered different areas of Saimaa and seasonal variation in 2021.
This paper presents the measurement results from the first measurement campaign on January. The measurements included flexural strength determination through cantilever beam and 3-point bending testing, strain modulus from the bending tests, ice density, and ice structure. The measured flexural strengths were 590 kPa and 780 kPa, on average, with cantilever beam and 3-point bending, respectively, giving a ratio of 1.3 between the methods. The measured strain modulus from cantilever beam and 3-point bending testing were 3.5 GPa and 3.4 GPa on average, respectively. The average density was 890 kg/m3. Both S1 and S2 ice were encountered, where the grain size varied from 0.2 cm to 5 cm when moved from the top surface towards the bottom of the ice.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions
Publisher	International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions
Publication status	Published - 14 Jun 2021
MoE publication type	A4 Conference publication
Event	International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions - Online, Moscow, Russian Federation Duration: 14 Jun 2021 → 18 Jun 2021 Conference number: 26

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions
ISSN (Electronic)	2077-7841

Conference

Conference	International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions
Abbreviated title	POAC
Country/Territory	Russian Federation
City	Moscow
Period	14/06/2021 → 18/06/2021

Keywords

Freshwater ice
Flexural strength
Strain modulus
Structure of Ice
Three-point bending
Cantilever beam
Grain Size
Inland Waterways

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

POAC2021_Suominen_et_al_flex_str_rev_final

INFUTURE: Future potential for Inland Waterways
Kujala, P. & Li, F.
01/11/2018 → 31/01/2022
Project: EU: Other research funding

Cite this

Suominen, M., Repin, R., Lu, L., Li, F., & Kujala, P. (2021). Flexural Strength of Freshwater Ice in Saimaa Area. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions (Proceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions). International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions.

Suominen, Mikko ; Repin, Roman ; Lu, Liangliang et al. / Flexural Strength of Freshwater Ice in Saimaa Area. Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions. International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, 2021. (Proceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions).

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title = "Flexural Strength of Freshwater Ice in Saimaa Area",

abstract = "Inland waterways are important for exporting goods from Eastern Finland. To develop new solutions for a sustainable and efficient transportation in these areas, INFUTURE project was launched that includes model-scale testing in Aalto Ice Tank. In order to define the ice conditions for the tests, a measurement campaign was launched that covered different areas of Saimaa and seasonal variation in 2021.This paper presents the measurement results from the first measurement campaign on January. The measurements included flexural strength determination through cantilever beam and 3-point bending testing, strain modulus from the bending tests, ice density, and ice structure. The measured flexural strengths were 590 kPa and 780 kPa, on average, with cantilever beam and 3-point bending, respectively, giving a ratio of 1.3 between the methods. The measured strain modulus from cantilever beam and 3-point bending testing were 3.5 GPa and 3.4 GPa on average, respectively. The average density was 890 kg/m3. Both S1 and S2 ice were encountered, where the grain size varied from 0.2 cm to 5 cm when moved from the top surface towards the bottom of the ice.",

keywords = "Freshwater ice, Flexural strength, Strain modulus, Structure of Ice, Three-point bending, Cantilever beam, Grain Size, Inland Waterways",

author = "Mikko Suominen and Roman Repin and Liangliang Lu and Fang Li and Pentti Kujala",

year = "2021",

month = jun,

day = "14",

language = "English",

series = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions",

publisher = "International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions",

booktitle = "Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions",

address = "Canada",

note = "International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions<br/>, POAC ; Conference date: 14-06-2021 Through 18-06-2021",

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Suominen, M , Repin, R , Lu, L, Li, F & Kujala, P 2021, Flexural Strength of Freshwater Ice in Saimaa Area. in Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions. Proceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions
, Moscow, Russian Federation, 14/06/2021.

Flexural Strength of Freshwater Ice in Saimaa Area. / Suominen, Mikko ; Repin, Roman ; Lu, Liangliang et al.
Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions. International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, 2021. (Proceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Flexural Strength of Freshwater Ice in Saimaa Area

AU - Suominen, Mikko

AU - Repin, Roman

AU - Lu, Liangliang

AU - Li, Fang

AU - Kujala, Pentti

N1 - Conference code: 26

PY - 2021/6/14

Y1 - 2021/6/14

N2 - Inland waterways are important for exporting goods from Eastern Finland. To develop new solutions for a sustainable and efficient transportation in these areas, INFUTURE project was launched that includes model-scale testing in Aalto Ice Tank. In order to define the ice conditions for the tests, a measurement campaign was launched that covered different areas of Saimaa and seasonal variation in 2021.This paper presents the measurement results from the first measurement campaign on January. The measurements included flexural strength determination through cantilever beam and 3-point bending testing, strain modulus from the bending tests, ice density, and ice structure. The measured flexural strengths were 590 kPa and 780 kPa, on average, with cantilever beam and 3-point bending, respectively, giving a ratio of 1.3 between the methods. The measured strain modulus from cantilever beam and 3-point bending testing were 3.5 GPa and 3.4 GPa on average, respectively. The average density was 890 kg/m3. Both S1 and S2 ice were encountered, where the grain size varied from 0.2 cm to 5 cm when moved from the top surface towards the bottom of the ice.

AB - Inland waterways are important for exporting goods from Eastern Finland. To develop new solutions for a sustainable and efficient transportation in these areas, INFUTURE project was launched that includes model-scale testing in Aalto Ice Tank. In order to define the ice conditions for the tests, a measurement campaign was launched that covered different areas of Saimaa and seasonal variation in 2021.This paper presents the measurement results from the first measurement campaign on January. The measurements included flexural strength determination through cantilever beam and 3-point bending testing, strain modulus from the bending tests, ice density, and ice structure. The measured flexural strengths were 590 kPa and 780 kPa, on average, with cantilever beam and 3-point bending, respectively, giving a ratio of 1.3 between the methods. The measured strain modulus from cantilever beam and 3-point bending testing were 3.5 GPa and 3.4 GPa on average, respectively. The average density was 890 kg/m3. Both S1 and S2 ice were encountered, where the grain size varied from 0.2 cm to 5 cm when moved from the top surface towards the bottom of the ice.

KW - Freshwater ice

KW - Flexural strength

KW - Strain modulus

KW - Structure of Ice

KW - Three-point bending

KW - Cantilever beam

KW - Grain Size

KW - Inland Waterways

M3 - Conference article in proceedings

T3 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions

BT - Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions

PB - International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions

T2 - International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions<br/>

Y2 - 14 June 2021 through 18 June 2021

ER -

Suominen M , Repin R , Lu L, Li F, Kujala P. Flexural Strength of Freshwater Ice in Saimaa Area. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions. International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions. 2021. (Proceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions).

Flexural Strength of Freshwater Ice in Saimaa Area

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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Projects

INFUTURE: Future potential for Inland Waterways

Cite this