Five C’s for Human–Computer Co-Creativity: An Update on Classical Creativity Perspectives

This paper presents a domain independent framework for discussing human–computer co-creativity. It expands on Rhodes’ (1961) four perspectives on creativity and their later adaptations to socio-cultural views of creativity and computational creativity. The new framework allows the attribution of creativity not only to individual creators but to a collective of creators, recognising the importance of meta-level communication to the creative collaboration, and the variety of creative contributions that emerge during a co-creative process. It also elaborates on the different communities and contexts surrounding co-creative collaboration and thus facilitates the analysis, evaluation and study of human–computer co-creativity by allowing researchers to describe and situate their work in the field.