Fe3+ and Al3+ removal by phosphate and hydroxide precipitation from synthetic NMC Li-ion battery leach solution

Alexander Chernyaev; Jianxin Zhang; Sipi Seisko; Marjatta Louhi-Kultanen; Mari Lundström

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-48247-6

Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺ removal by phosphate and hydroxide precipitation from synthetic NMC Li-ion battery leach solution

Alexander Chernyaev^*
, Jianxin Zhang
, Sipi Seisko
, Marjatta Louhi-Kultanen
, Mari Lundström

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

38 Citations (Scopus)

307 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

The removal of trivalent iron and aluminum was studied from synthetic Li-ion battery leach solution by phosphate and hydroxide precipitation (pH 2.5–4.25, t = 3 h, T = 60 °C). Phosphate precipitation exhibited both crystal nucleation initiation (pH 2 vs. pH 3) as well as complete (~ 99%) Fe and Al removal at lower pH compared to hydroxide precipitation (pH 3 vs. 3.5). The precipitation time of phosphate was shorter (40 min) than that of hydroxide precipitation (80 min). At pH 4 the loss of valuable metals (Li, Ni, Co) in the precipitate was negligible in the phosphate cake, whereas in the hydroxide process the co-precipitation was 4–5% for Li, Ni and Co. The filtration rate of phosphate precipitate was shown to be significantly faster. The presence of fluoride did not have any notable effect on phosphate precipitation, whereas in hydroxide precipitation, it potentially had a negative effect on aluminum extraction.

Original language	English
Article number	21445
Number of pages	12
Journal	Scientific Reports
Volume	13
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48247-6
Publication status	Published - 5 Dec 2023
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

This research work has been supported by the Business Finland BatCircle2.0 project (Grant number 44886/31/2020), and the Academy of Finland’s RawMatTERS Finland Infrastructure (RAMI) based at Aalto University.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Access to Document

10.1038/s41598-023-48247-6Licence: CC BY

CHEM_Chernyaev_et_al_Fe3+_and_Al3+_2023_Scientific_ReportsFinal published version, 3.22 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Fe3+ and Al3+ removal by phosphate and hydroxide precipitation from synthetic NMC Li-ion battery leach solution",

abstract = "The removal of trivalent iron and aluminum was studied from synthetic Li-ion battery leach solution by phosphate and hydroxide precipitation (pH 2.5–4.25, t = 3 h, T = 60 °C). Phosphate precipitation exhibited both crystal nucleation initiation (pH 2 vs. pH 3) as well as complete (\textasciitilde{} 99\%) Fe and Al removal at lower pH compared to hydroxide precipitation (pH 3 vs. 3.5). The precipitation time of phosphate was shorter (40 min) than that of hydroxide precipitation (80 min). At pH 4 the loss of valuable metals (Li, Ni, Co) in the precipitate was negligible in the phosphate cake, whereas in the hydroxide process the co-precipitation was 4–5\% for Li, Ni and Co. The filtration rate of phosphate precipitate was shown to be significantly faster. The presence of fluoride did not have any notable effect on phosphate precipitation, whereas in hydroxide precipitation, it potentially had a negative effect on aluminum extraction.",

author = "Alexander Chernyaev and Jianxin Zhang and Sipi Seisko and Marjatta Louhi-Kultanen and Mari Lundstr{\"o}m",

note = "Funding Information: This research work has been supported by the Business Finland BatCircle2.0 project (Grant number 44886/31/2020), and the Academy of Finland{\textquoteright}s RawMatTERS Finland Infrastructure (RAMI) based at Aalto University. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s).",

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doi = "10.1038/s41598-023-48247-6",

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AU - Chernyaev, Alexander

AU - Zhang, Jianxin

AU - Seisko, Sipi

AU - Louhi-Kultanen, Marjatta

AU - Lundström, Mari

N1 - Funding Information: This research work has been supported by the Business Finland BatCircle2.0 project (Grant number 44886/31/2020), and the Academy of Finland’s RawMatTERS Finland Infrastructure (RAMI) based at Aalto University. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).

PY - 2023/12/5

Y1 - 2023/12/5

N2 - The removal of trivalent iron and aluminum was studied from synthetic Li-ion battery leach solution by phosphate and hydroxide precipitation (pH 2.5–4.25, t = 3 h, T = 60 °C). Phosphate precipitation exhibited both crystal nucleation initiation (pH 2 vs. pH 3) as well as complete (~ 99%) Fe and Al removal at lower pH compared to hydroxide precipitation (pH 3 vs. 3.5). The precipitation time of phosphate was shorter (40 min) than that of hydroxide precipitation (80 min). At pH 4 the loss of valuable metals (Li, Ni, Co) in the precipitate was negligible in the phosphate cake, whereas in the hydroxide process the co-precipitation was 4–5% for Li, Ni and Co. The filtration rate of phosphate precipitate was shown to be significantly faster. The presence of fluoride did not have any notable effect on phosphate precipitation, whereas in hydroxide precipitation, it potentially had a negative effect on aluminum extraction.

AB - The removal of trivalent iron and aluminum was studied from synthetic Li-ion battery leach solution by phosphate and hydroxide precipitation (pH 2.5–4.25, t = 3 h, T = 60 °C). Phosphate precipitation exhibited both crystal nucleation initiation (pH 2 vs. pH 3) as well as complete (~ 99%) Fe and Al removal at lower pH compared to hydroxide precipitation (pH 3 vs. 3.5). The precipitation time of phosphate was shorter (40 min) than that of hydroxide precipitation (80 min). At pH 4 the loss of valuable metals (Li, Ni, Co) in the precipitate was negligible in the phosphate cake, whereas in the hydroxide process the co-precipitation was 4–5% for Li, Ni and Co. The filtration rate of phosphate precipitate was shown to be significantly faster. The presence of fluoride did not have any notable effect on phosphate precipitation, whereas in hydroxide precipitation, it potentially had a negative effect on aluminum extraction.

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ER -

Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺ removal by phosphate and hydroxide precipitation from synthetic NMC Li-ion battery leach solution

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

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Other files and links

Fingerprint

BATCircle2: Finland-based circular ecosystem of battery metals

Raw Materials Research Infrastructure

Research from Aalto University Provide New Insights into Alkalies (Fe3+ and Al3+ removal by phosphate and hydroxide precipitation from synthetic NMC Li-ion battery leach solution)

Cite this

Fe3+ and Al3+ removal by phosphate and hydroxide precipitation from synthetic NMC Li-ion battery leach solution

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

BATCircle2: Finland-based circular ecosystem of battery metals

Equipment

Raw Materials Research Infrastructure

Press/Media

Research from Aalto University Provide New Insights into Alkalies (Fe3+ and Al3+ removal by phosphate and hydroxide precipitation from synthetic NMC Li-ion battery leach solution)

Cite this

Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺ removal by phosphate and hydroxide precipitation from synthetic NMC Li-ion battery leach solution