Equalization of Loudspeaker and Room Responses Using Kautz Filters: Direct Least Squares Design

Matti Karjalainen, Tuomas Paatero

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

    50 Citations (Scopus)
    210 Downloads (Pure)

    Abstract

    DSP-based correction of loudspeaker and room responses is becoming an important part of improving sound reproduction. Such response equalization (EQ) is based on using a digital filter in cascade with the reproduction channel to counteract the response errors introduced by loudspeakers and room acoustics. Several FIR and IIR filter design techniques have been proposed for equalization purposes. In this paper we investigate Kautz filters, an interesting class of IIR filters, from the point of view of direct least squares EQ design. Kautz filters can be seen as generalizations of FIR filters and their frequency-warped counterparts. They provide a flexible means to obtain desired frequency resolution behavior, which allows low filter orders even for complex corrections. Kautz filters have also the desirable property to avoid inverting dips in transfer function to sharp and long-ringing resonances in the equalizer. Furthermore, the direct least squares design is applicable to nonminimum-phase EQ design and allows using a desired target response. The proposed method is demonstrated by case examples with measured and synthetic loudspeaker and room responses.
    Original languageEnglish
    Article number060949
    Pages (from-to)1-13
    JournalEurasip Journal on Advances in Signal Processing
    Volume2006
    Issue numberDecember
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2007
    MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

    Keywords

    • audio equalization
    • audio reproduction
    • Kautz filters
    • loudspeakers

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