TY - JOUR
T1 - Enabling electrical response through piezoelectric particle integration in AA2017-T451 aluminium parts using FSP technology
AU - Ferreira, Pedro M.
AU - Caçador, David
AU - Machado, Miguel A.
AU - Carvalho, Marta S.
AU - Vilaça, Pedro
AU - Sorger, Gonçalo
AU - Farias, Francisco Werley Cipriano
AU - Figueiredo, Arthur Ribeiro
AU - Vidal, Catarina
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
PY - 2024/6
Y1 - 2024/6
N2 - In the field of structural engineering, the integration of smart materials and structural health monitoring (SHM) has given rise to self-sensing materials (SSM), leading to a paradigm shift in SHM. This paper focuses on the interplay between self-sensing capabilities and the piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium titanate (BT) in aluminium components. Leveraging Friction Stir Processing (FSP), the study explores the synthesis and performance of SSMs with embedded piezoelectric particles, potentially transforming structural engineering. The paper highlights FSP as a key methodology for incorporating piezoelectric particles into structural materials, showcasing its potential in developing SSMs with enhanced functionalities. A specific focus is placed on integrating PZT and BT particles into AA2017-T451 aluminium parts using FSP, with metallographic assessments and mechanical property evaluations conducted to analyse particle distribution and concentration. This study shows how BT and PZT particles are incorporated into AA2017-T451 aluminium to create a SSM that responds to external stimuli. Under cyclic loading, the SSMs exhibit a linear load-electrical response correlation, with sensibility increasing at lower frequencies. Metallographic analysis shows homogeneous particle distribution, while PZT induces increased brittleness and brittle fractures. Yield strength remains relatively stable, but ultimate strength decreases post-FSP. Hardness variations indicate weaker bonding with PZT particles. Eddy’scurrent testing aligns with hardness profiles, and sensorial characterization reveals a non-linear frequency-sensibility relationship, showcasing the SSMs’ suitability for low-frequency applications, particularly with PZT embedment.
AB - In the field of structural engineering, the integration of smart materials and structural health monitoring (SHM) has given rise to self-sensing materials (SSM), leading to a paradigm shift in SHM. This paper focuses on the interplay between self-sensing capabilities and the piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium titanate (BT) in aluminium components. Leveraging Friction Stir Processing (FSP), the study explores the synthesis and performance of SSMs with embedded piezoelectric particles, potentially transforming structural engineering. The paper highlights FSP as a key methodology for incorporating piezoelectric particles into structural materials, showcasing its potential in developing SSMs with enhanced functionalities. A specific focus is placed on integrating PZT and BT particles into AA2017-T451 aluminium parts using FSP, with metallographic assessments and mechanical property evaluations conducted to analyse particle distribution and concentration. This study shows how BT and PZT particles are incorporated into AA2017-T451 aluminium to create a SSM that responds to external stimuli. Under cyclic loading, the SSMs exhibit a linear load-electrical response correlation, with sensibility increasing at lower frequencies. Metallographic analysis shows homogeneous particle distribution, while PZT induces increased brittleness and brittle fractures. Yield strength remains relatively stable, but ultimate strength decreases post-FSP. Hardness variations indicate weaker bonding with PZT particles. Eddy’scurrent testing aligns with hardness profiles, and sensorial characterization reveals a non-linear frequency-sensibility relationship, showcasing the SSMs’ suitability for low-frequency applications, particularly with PZT embedment.
KW - advanced materials
KW - friction stir processing
KW - piezoelectric materials
KW - self-sensing material
KW - structural health monitoring
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85194703054&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/1361-665X/ad4d45
DO - 10.1088/1361-665X/ad4d45
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85194703054
SN - 0964-1726
VL - 33
JO - Smart Materials and Structures
JF - Smart Materials and Structures
IS - 6
M1 - 065037
ER -