Electrosynthesis and characterization of viologen cross linked thiophene copolymer

Bhushan Gadgil; Pia Damlin; Timo Ääritalo; Jouko Kankare; Carita Kvarnström

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.002

Electrosynthesis and characterization of viologen cross linked thiophene copolymer

Bhushan Gadgil^*
, Pia Damlin
, Timo Ääritalo
, Jouko Kankare
, Carita Kvarnström

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Chemical Engineering

University of Turku

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

33 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Electrochemical copolymerization of 3-octyloxy-4-methylthiophene (OOT) and 1-[6-[(4-methyl-3-thienyl) oxy] hexyl]-4-cyanopyridinium bromide (HOT-CNP) was carried out using tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate and acetonitrile (TBAPF(6)/ACN) as electrolyte. The cyanopyridine functionalized HOT-CNP undergoes further electrochemical reductive coupling to viologen. Both polymer (POUT) and copolymer P(OOT-co-HOT-CNP) were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in situ UV-vis spectroscopy. The effect of the monomer concentration ratio and the scan rate on the electrochemical properties of the copolymer was studied by the CV technique. The electrochemical redox response of the copolymer together with FIR analysis further confirms the formation of viologen. The surface morphology was studied using SEM analysis. The polymer POUT revealed color changes between violet and bright blue, whereas the copolymer showed the most vivid change of color between purple and greenish blue in its fully reduced and oxidized states respectively. The results showed that copolymerization is a valuable approach in order to achieve desired electrochromic and redox properties. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	378-385
Number of pages	8
Journal	Electrochimica Acta
Volume	97
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.002
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2013
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Academy of Finland and Graduate School of Chemical Sensors and Microanalytical Systems (CHEMSEM). The authors also thank M.Sc. Tern Marjaniemi for his contribution in the work.

Keywords

Thiophene
Cyanopyridine
Viologen
Cyclic voltammetry
Copolymer
ALKOXY-SUBSTITUTED POLYTHIOPHENES
STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS
ELECTROCHROMIC PROPERTIES
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES
IN-SITU
2-BIPHENYL-3-OCTYLTHIOPHENE MONOMER
ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS
CONDUCTING POLYMERS
ANION RECOGNITION
POLYVIOLOGEN FILM

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10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.002

Cite this

@article{0919a67640494d1bb4de70ba4ddfc89e,

title = "Electrosynthesis and characterization of viologen cross linked thiophene copolymer",

abstract = "Electrochemical copolymerization of 3-octyloxy-4-methylthiophene (OOT) and 1-[6-[(4-methyl-3-thienyl) oxy] hexyl]-4-cyanopyridinium bromide (HOT-CNP) was carried out using tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate and acetonitrile (TBAPF(6)/ACN) as electrolyte. The cyanopyridine functionalized HOT-CNP undergoes further electrochemical reductive coupling to viologen. Both polymer (POUT) and copolymer P(OOT-co-HOT-CNP) were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in situ UV-vis spectroscopy. The effect of the monomer concentration ratio and the scan rate on the electrochemical properties of the copolymer was studied by the CV technique. The electrochemical redox response of the copolymer together with FIR analysis further confirms the formation of viologen. The surface morphology was studied using SEM analysis. The polymer POUT revealed color changes between violet and bright blue, whereas the copolymer showed the most vivid change of color between purple and greenish blue in its fully reduced and oxidized states respectively. The results showed that copolymerization is a valuable approach in order to achieve desired electrochromic and redox properties. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",

keywords = "Thiophene, Cyanopyridine, Viologen, Cyclic voltammetry, Copolymer, ALKOXY-SUBSTITUTED POLYTHIOPHENES, STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS, ELECTROCHROMIC PROPERTIES, OPTICAL-PROPERTIES, IN-SITU, 2-BIPHENYL-3-OCTYLTHIOPHENE MONOMER, ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS, CONDUCTING POLYMERS, ANION RECOGNITION, POLYVIOLOGEN FILM",

author = "Bhushan Gadgil and Pia Damlin and Timo {\"A}{\"a}ritalo and Jouko Kankare and Carita Kvarnstr{\"o}m",

year = "2013",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.002",

language = "English",

volume = "97",

pages = "378--385",

journal = "Electrochimica Acta",

issn = "0013-4686",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Electrosynthesis and characterization of viologen cross linked thiophene copolymer

AU - Gadgil, Bhushan

AU - Damlin, Pia

AU - Ääritalo, Timo

AU - Kankare, Jouko

AU - Kvarnström, Carita

PY - 2013/5/1

Y1 - 2013/5/1

N2 - Electrochemical copolymerization of 3-octyloxy-4-methylthiophene (OOT) and 1-[6-[(4-methyl-3-thienyl) oxy] hexyl]-4-cyanopyridinium bromide (HOT-CNP) was carried out using tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate and acetonitrile (TBAPF(6)/ACN) as electrolyte. The cyanopyridine functionalized HOT-CNP undergoes further electrochemical reductive coupling to viologen. Both polymer (POUT) and copolymer P(OOT-co-HOT-CNP) were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in situ UV-vis spectroscopy. The effect of the monomer concentration ratio and the scan rate on the electrochemical properties of the copolymer was studied by the CV technique. The electrochemical redox response of the copolymer together with FIR analysis further confirms the formation of viologen. The surface morphology was studied using SEM analysis. The polymer POUT revealed color changes between violet and bright blue, whereas the copolymer showed the most vivid change of color between purple and greenish blue in its fully reduced and oxidized states respectively. The results showed that copolymerization is a valuable approach in order to achieve desired electrochromic and redox properties. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

AB - Electrochemical copolymerization of 3-octyloxy-4-methylthiophene (OOT) and 1-[6-[(4-methyl-3-thienyl) oxy] hexyl]-4-cyanopyridinium bromide (HOT-CNP) was carried out using tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate and acetonitrile (TBAPF(6)/ACN) as electrolyte. The cyanopyridine functionalized HOT-CNP undergoes further electrochemical reductive coupling to viologen. Both polymer (POUT) and copolymer P(OOT-co-HOT-CNP) were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in situ UV-vis spectroscopy. The effect of the monomer concentration ratio and the scan rate on the electrochemical properties of the copolymer was studied by the CV technique. The electrochemical redox response of the copolymer together with FIR analysis further confirms the formation of viologen. The surface morphology was studied using SEM analysis. The polymer POUT revealed color changes between violet and bright blue, whereas the copolymer showed the most vivid change of color between purple and greenish blue in its fully reduced and oxidized states respectively. The results showed that copolymerization is a valuable approach in order to achieve desired electrochromic and redox properties. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

KW - Thiophene

KW - Cyanopyridine

KW - Viologen

KW - Cyclic voltammetry

KW - Copolymer

KW - ALKOXY-SUBSTITUTED POLYTHIOPHENES

KW - STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS

KW - ELECTROCHROMIC PROPERTIES

KW - OPTICAL-PROPERTIES

KW - IN-SITU

KW - 2-BIPHENYL-3-OCTYLTHIOPHENE MONOMER

KW - ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS

KW - CONDUCTING POLYMERS

KW - ANION RECOGNITION

KW - POLYVIOLOGEN FILM

U2 - 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.002

DO - 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.002

M3 - Article

SN - 0013-4686

VL - 97

SP - 378

EP - 385

JO - Electrochimica Acta

JF - Electrochimica Acta

ER -

Electrosynthesis and characterization of viologen cross linked thiophene copolymer

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

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