Effective theory and emergent SU(2) symmetry in the flat bands of attractive Hubbard models

Murad Tovmasyan, Sebastiano Peotta, Päivi Törmä, Sebastian D. Huber

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

101 Citations (Scopus)
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Abstract

In a partially filled flat Bloch band electrons do not have a well defined Fermi surface and hence the low-energy theory is not a Fermi liquid. Neverethless, under the influence of an attractive interaction, a superconductor well described by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) wave function can arise. Here we study the low-energy effective Hamiltonian of a generic Hubbard model with a flat band. We obtain an effective Hamiltonian for the flat band physics by eliminating higher lying bands via perturbative Schrieffer-Wolff transformation. At first order in the interaction energy we recover the usual procedure of projecting the interaction term onto the flat band Wannier functions. We show that the BCS wave function is the exact ground state of the projected interaction Hamiltonian and that the compressibility is diverging as a consequence of an emergent SU(2) symmetry. This symmetry is broken by second order interband transitions resulting in a finite compressibility, which we illustrate for a one-dimensional ladder with two perfectly flat bands. These results motivate a further approximation leading to an effective ferromagnetic Heisenberg model. The gauge-invariant result for the superfluid weight of a flat band can be obtained from the ferromagnetic Heisenberg model only if the maximally localized Wannier functions in the Marzari-Vanderbilt sense are used. Finally, we prove an important inequality D≥W2 between the Drude weight D and the winding number W, which guarantees ballistic transport for topologically nontrivial flat bands in one dimension.
Original languageEnglish
Article number 245149
Pages (from-to)1-17
JournalPhysical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics)
Volume 94
Issue number24
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 30 Dec 2016
MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

  • Flat band
  • SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
  • Hubbard model
  • Superfluidity
  • Quantum gases
  • Topological matter
  • critical temperature
  • Wannier functions

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