Dynamical topological excitations in parafermion chains

Parafermions are elusive fractional excitations potentially emerging in fractional quantum Hall-superconductor junctions and represent one of the major milestones in fractional quantum matter. However, generic models of parafermions are not analytically solvable, and understanding their topological modes is a bigger challenge than conventional Majorana modes. Here, by using a combination of tensor network and kernel polynomial techniques, we demonstrate the emergence of zero modes and finite energy excitations in many-body parafermion chains. We show the appearance of zero-energy modes in the many-body spectral function at the edge of a topological parafermion chain, their relation with the topological degeneracy of the system, and we compare their physics with the Majorana bound states of topological superconductors. We demonstrate the robustness of parafermion topological modes with respect to a variety of perturbations, and we show how weakly coupled parafermion chains give rise to in-gap excitations. Our results exemplify the versatility of tensor network methods for studying dynamical excitations of interacting parafermion chains and highlight the robustness of topological modes in parafermion models.