TY - GEN
T1 - Dynamic Response Analysis of Alkaline and PEM Electrolyzers in Low-Inertia Power Systems: A Comparative Study
AU - Tofighi-Milani, Mahyar
AU - Fattaheian-Dehkordi, Sajjad
AU - Lehtonen, Matti
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 IEEE.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - In modern power systems, the increased integration of intermittent renewable energies has led to heightened uncertainty and low inertia challenges. Current investments in green hydrogen provides the opportunity of addressing these issues, which not only aid in smoothing renewable energy curves but also help manage low inertia issues in the power system. This paper focuses on modeling two similar plants for Alkaline (ALK) and Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, along with their respective power-electronics interfaces for grid connection. The dynamic responses of these plants are analyzed within a low-inertia power system, and a PID controller is implemented to control the frequency response in the presence of the electrolyzers. Simulation results conducted on the IEEE 30-bus test system demonstrate a superior dynamic response of PEM electrolyzers compared to ALK electrolyzers, observed from both power and frequency response perspectives. The results show that the fast response of PEM electrolyzers positions them as a more capable solution for Fast Frequency Response (FFR) services in power systems.
AB - In modern power systems, the increased integration of intermittent renewable energies has led to heightened uncertainty and low inertia challenges. Current investments in green hydrogen provides the opportunity of addressing these issues, which not only aid in smoothing renewable energy curves but also help manage low inertia issues in the power system. This paper focuses on modeling two similar plants for Alkaline (ALK) and Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, along with their respective power-electronics interfaces for grid connection. The dynamic responses of these plants are analyzed within a low-inertia power system, and a PID controller is implemented to control the frequency response in the presence of the electrolyzers. Simulation results conducted on the IEEE 30-bus test system demonstrate a superior dynamic response of PEM electrolyzers compared to ALK electrolyzers, observed from both power and frequency response perspectives. The results show that the fast response of PEM electrolyzers positions them as a more capable solution for Fast Frequency Response (FFR) services in power systems.
KW - Alkaline electrolyzers
KW - Dynamic response
KW - Fast frequency response
KW - Low-inertia systems
KW - PEM electrolyzers
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85211917965&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/EEEIC/ICPSEurope61470.2024.10750998
DO - 10.1109/EEEIC/ICPSEurope61470.2024.10750998
M3 - Conference article in proceedings
AN - SCOPUS:85211917965
T3 - International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering
BT - Proceedings - 24th EEEIC International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 8th I and CPS Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, EEEIC/I and CPS Europe 2024
A2 - Leonowicz, Zbigniew
A2 - Stracqualursi, Erika
PB - IEEE
T2 - IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and IEEE Industrial Commercial Power Systems Europe
Y2 - 17 June 2024 through 20 June 2024
ER -