Drying stresses in cellulose nanocrystal coatings: Impact of molecular and macromolecular additives

Konrad W. Klockars; Luiz G. Greca; Johanna Majoinen; Karl Mihhels; Orlando J. Rojas; Blaise L. Tardy

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120465

Drying stresses in cellulose nanocrystal coatings: Impact of molecular and macromolecular additives

Konrad W. Klockars, Luiz G. Greca, Johanna Majoinen, Karl Mihhels, Orlando J. Rojas^*, Blaise L. Tardy

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

15 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

The industrial implementation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in films and coatings requires thorough evaluation of the internal stresses post-consolidation, as they cause fracturing and peeling. Characterizing the impact of plasticizing additives on stress is therefore critical. Herein, we use the deflection of thin glass substrates to measure drying stresses in consolidating CNC films, and benchmark the impact of five additives (glucose, glycerol, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and bovine serum albumin). Glycerol and PEG reduced drying stresses effectively, while PEG of increased molecular weight (from 0.2 to 10 kDa), PVA, and BSA were less effective. We analyzed the temporal aspects of the process, where stress relaxation of up to 30 % was observed 2 years after coating formation. Finally, we provide a framework to evaluate the impact of CNC morphology on residual stresses. The introduced approach is expected to fast-track the optimization and implementation of coatings based on biocolloids.

Original language	English
Article number	120465
Number of pages	10
Journal	Carbohydrate Polymers
Volume	303
Early online date	21 Dec 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120465
Publication status	Published - 1 Mar 2023
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

We acknowledge funding support by the European Research Council under the advanced grant 788489 BioElCell. Luiz G. Greca & Karl Mihhels acknowledge funding from Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering and Konrad W. Klockars acknowledges funding from the Walter Ahlström Foundation . We acknowledge the support by Aalto University at OtaNano — Nanomicroscopy Center (Aalto-NMC). The authors are also grateful for the support of the Academy of Finland through its Centres of Excellence Programme (2014–2019) under Project 264677 “Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research” (HYBER). We thank Prof. Olli Ikkala for his insightful comments. BLT is the recipient of the Khalifa University of Science and Technology (KUST) Faculty Startup Project (Project code: 84741140-FSU-2022-021 ). We acknowledge funding support by the European Research Council under the advanced grant 788489 BioElCell. Luiz G. Greca & Karl Mihhels acknowledge funding from Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering and Konrad W. Klockars acknowledges funding from the Walter Ahlström Foundation. We acknowledge the support by Aalto University at OtaNano — Nanomicroscopy Center (Aalto-NMC). The authors are also grateful for the support of the Academy of Finland through its Centres of Excellence Programme (2014–2019) under Project 264677 “Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research” (HYBER). We thank Prof. Olli Ikkala for his insightful comments. BLT is the recipient of the Khalifa University of Science and Technology (KUST) Faculty Startup Project (Project code: 84741140-FSU-2022-021).

Keywords

Cellulose nanocrystals
Coating
Drying stresses
Nanocellulose
Plasticizer
Residual stress

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120465Licence: CC BY

CHEM_Klockars_et_al_Drying_stress_in_cellulose_2022_Carbohydrate_PolymersFinal published version, 9.71 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Drying stresses in cellulose nanocrystal coatings: Impact of molecular and macromolecular additives",

abstract = "The industrial implementation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in films and coatings requires thorough evaluation of the internal stresses post-consolidation, as they cause fracturing and peeling. Characterizing the impact of plasticizing additives on stress is therefore critical. Herein, we use the deflection of thin glass substrates to measure drying stresses in consolidating CNC films, and benchmark the impact of five additives (glucose, glycerol, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and bovine serum albumin). Glycerol and PEG reduced drying stresses effectively, while PEG of increased molecular weight (from 0.2 to 10 kDa), PVA, and BSA were less effective. We analyzed the temporal aspects of the process, where stress relaxation of up to 30 \% was observed 2 years after coating formation. Finally, we provide a framework to evaluate the impact of CNC morphology on residual stresses. The introduced approach is expected to fast-track the optimization and implementation of coatings based on biocolloids.",

keywords = "Cellulose nanocrystals, Coating, Drying stresses, Nanocellulose, Plasticizer, Residual stress",

author = "Klockars, \{Konrad W.\} and Greca, \{Luiz G.\} and Johanna Majoinen and Karl Mihhels and Rojas, \{Orlando J.\} and Tardy, \{Blaise L.\}",

note = "| openaire: EC/H2020/788489/EU//BioELCell Funding Information: We acknowledge funding support by the European Research Council under the advanced grant 788489 BioElCell. Luiz G. Greca \& Karl Mihhels acknowledge funding from Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering and Konrad W. Klockars acknowledges funding from the Walter Ahlstr{\"o}m Foundation . We acknowledge the support by Aalto University at OtaNano — Nanomicroscopy Center (Aalto-NMC). The authors are also grateful for the support of the Academy of Finland through its Centres of Excellence Programme (2014–2019) under Project 264677 “Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research” (HYBER). We thank Prof. Olli Ikkala for his insightful comments. BLT is the recipient of the Khalifa University of Science and Technology (KUST) Faculty Startup Project (Project code: 84741140-FSU-2022-021 ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022",

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T1 - Drying stresses in cellulose nanocrystal coatings: Impact of molecular and macromolecular additives

AU - Klockars, Konrad W.

AU - Greca, Luiz G.

AU - Majoinen, Johanna

AU - Mihhels, Karl

AU - Rojas, Orlando J.

AU - Tardy, Blaise L.

N1 - | openaire: EC/H2020/788489/EU//BioELCell Funding Information: We acknowledge funding support by the European Research Council under the advanced grant 788489 BioElCell. Luiz G. Greca & Karl Mihhels acknowledge funding from Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering and Konrad W. Klockars acknowledges funding from the Walter Ahlström Foundation . We acknowledge the support by Aalto University at OtaNano — Nanomicroscopy Center (Aalto-NMC). The authors are also grateful for the support of the Academy of Finland through its Centres of Excellence Programme (2014–2019) under Project 264677 “Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research” (HYBER). We thank Prof. Olli Ikkala for his insightful comments. BLT is the recipient of the Khalifa University of Science and Technology (KUST) Faculty Startup Project (Project code: 84741140-FSU-2022-021 ). Publisher Copyright: © 2022

PY - 2023/3/1

Y1 - 2023/3/1

N2 - The industrial implementation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in films and coatings requires thorough evaluation of the internal stresses post-consolidation, as they cause fracturing and peeling. Characterizing the impact of plasticizing additives on stress is therefore critical. Herein, we use the deflection of thin glass substrates to measure drying stresses in consolidating CNC films, and benchmark the impact of five additives (glucose, glycerol, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and bovine serum albumin). Glycerol and PEG reduced drying stresses effectively, while PEG of increased molecular weight (from 0.2 to 10 kDa), PVA, and BSA were less effective. We analyzed the temporal aspects of the process, where stress relaxation of up to 30 % was observed 2 years after coating formation. Finally, we provide a framework to evaluate the impact of CNC morphology on residual stresses. The introduced approach is expected to fast-track the optimization and implementation of coatings based on biocolloids.

AB - The industrial implementation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in films and coatings requires thorough evaluation of the internal stresses post-consolidation, as they cause fracturing and peeling. Characterizing the impact of plasticizing additives on stress is therefore critical. Herein, we use the deflection of thin glass substrates to measure drying stresses in consolidating CNC films, and benchmark the impact of five additives (glucose, glycerol, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and bovine serum albumin). Glycerol and PEG reduced drying stresses effectively, while PEG of increased molecular weight (from 0.2 to 10 kDa), PVA, and BSA were less effective. We analyzed the temporal aspects of the process, where stress relaxation of up to 30 % was observed 2 years after coating formation. Finally, we provide a framework to evaluate the impact of CNC morphology on residual stresses. The introduced approach is expected to fast-track the optimization and implementation of coatings based on biocolloids.

KW - Cellulose nanocrystals

KW - Coating

KW - Drying stresses

KW - Nanocellulose

KW - Plasticizer

KW - Residual stress

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DO - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120465

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85144452135

SN - 0144-8617

VL - 303

JO - Carbohydrate Polymers

JF - Carbohydrate Polymers

M1 - 120465

ER -

Drying stresses in cellulose nanocrystal coatings: Impact of molecular and macromolecular additives

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

BioELCell: Bioproducts Engineered from Lignocelluloses: from plants and upcycling to next generation materials

OtaNano

OtaNano - Nanomicroscopy Center

Cite this

Drying stresses in cellulose nanocrystal coatings: Impact of molecular and macromolecular additives

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

BioELCell: Bioproducts Engineered from Lignocelluloses: from plants and upcycling to next generation materials

Equipment

OtaNano

OtaNano - Nanomicroscopy Center

Cite this