TY - JOUR
T1 - Double-battery configuration method for electric bus operation in cold regions
AU - Cong, Yuan
AU - Wang, Heqi
AU - Bie, Yiming
AU - Wu, Jiabin
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Plan Project of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province [grant number 20230508048RC ], and the Key Projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 52220105001 & 52131203 ].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2023/12
Y1 - 2023/12
N2 - Managing the energy supply of electric buses (EBs) is critical to balance operational reliability and cost reduction. However, ambient temperature significantly affects energy consumption, posing challenges in providing adequate energy supply, especially in cold regions. In this study, we propose a double-battery configuration approach for EBs operating in cold regions with substantial temperature variations between seasons. The method involves utilizing a higher-capacity battery during winter months and a lower-capacity battery for summer operations. To determine the optimal fleet size, battery capacities, and EB scheduling plans in both winter and summer seasons, we formulate an integer programming model, focusing on minimizing the fleet's average annual operating costs (OC) and carbon emissions (CE). The model is solved using the branch and bound method. A case study is conducted, examining EB routes in 11 cold cities. Results reveal that the double-battery configuration method effectively reduces the fleet's average annual OC and CE. Specifically, the reduction ratio range for OC is from 3.34% to 5.18%, while the reduction ratio for CE ranges from 4.06% to 5.16%.
AB - Managing the energy supply of electric buses (EBs) is critical to balance operational reliability and cost reduction. However, ambient temperature significantly affects energy consumption, posing challenges in providing adequate energy supply, especially in cold regions. In this study, we propose a double-battery configuration approach for EBs operating in cold regions with substantial temperature variations between seasons. The method involves utilizing a higher-capacity battery during winter months and a lower-capacity battery for summer operations. To determine the optimal fleet size, battery capacities, and EB scheduling plans in both winter and summer seasons, we formulate an integer programming model, focusing on minimizing the fleet's average annual operating costs (OC) and carbon emissions (CE). The model is solved using the branch and bound method. A case study is conducted, examining EB routes in 11 cold cities. Results reveal that the double-battery configuration method effectively reduces the fleet's average annual OC and CE. Specifically, the reduction ratio range for OC is from 3.34% to 5.18%, while the reduction ratio for CE ranges from 4.06% to 5.16%.
KW - Carbon emissions
KW - Cold region
KW - Double-battery configuration
KW - Electric bus
KW - Operating costs
KW - Scheduling plan
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85177834472&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.tre.2023.103362
DO - 10.1016/j.tre.2023.103362
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85177834472
SN - 1366-5545
VL - 180
JO - TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART E: LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION REVIEW
JF - TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART E: LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION REVIEW
M1 - 103362
ER -