Abstract
We address the recent controversy over whether focused ultrasound (FUS) activates cortical neurons directly or indirectly by initially activating auditory pathways. We obtained two types of evidence that FUS can directly activate cortical neurons. The depth profile of the local field potential (LFP) in the barrel cortex of the rat in vivo indicated a generator was located within the cortical gray matter. The onset and peak latencies of the initial component p1 were 3.2 ± 0.25 ms (mean ± standard error of the mean) and 7.6 ± 0.12 ms, respectively, for the direct cortical response (DCR), 6.8 ± 0.40 and 14.3 ± 0.54 ms for the FUS-evoked LFP (4 MHz, 3.2 MPa, 50 or 300 µs/pulse, 1–20 pulses at 1 kHz) and 6.9 ± 0.51 and 15.8 ± 0.94 ms for the LFP evoked by 1-ms deflection of the C2 whisker projecting to the same area. The peak latency of the FUS p1 was statistically (t-test) longer than the DCR, but shorter than the whisker p1 at p < 0.005.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2349-2360 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY |
Volume | 46 |
Issue number | 9 |
Early online date | 1 Jan 2020 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Sep 2020 |
MoE publication type | A1 Journal article-refereed |
Keywords
- Barrel cortex
- Direct cortical stimulation
- Focused ultrasound
- Laminar analysis
- Local field potential
- Somatosensory cortex
- Whisker