Design, construction, and evaluation of the BeneFit socket: An adjustable temporary socket for a transradial prosthesis

INTRODUCTION: Upper limb prosthetics aim to restore function and aesthetics of a lost arm and/or hand, which affects a growing population. A "Golden Period," the first month after the amputation, has been identified as the optimal time when a prosthesis should be fitted to amputees to maximize their chances for a fast and successful return to their daily life. This time window is often surpassed because of delays in approvals by health insurance companies and time requirements for producing personally customized and costly sockets. This study aims to develop an adaptable and versatile temporary transradial socket design capable of multidimensional adjustments and easy user fitting to better capitalize on the "Golden Period" and allow for early prosthetic training. In addition, the socket should be useable within research in need for flexible prosthesis as well as a hybrid prosthesis within the context of bionic reconstruction. METHODS AND MATERIAL: The socket was designed, 3D printed, and assembled as a wearable prototype, hosting all relevant myoelectric hand components. The estimated satisfaction with the socket was evaluated in a monocentric, explorative study with both, prosthetic users and experts in the field. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The proposed design is able to change its diameter and length. Moreover, according to the conducted survey, it is perceived as satisfactory with respect to both user needs and expectations of the experts. "Weight," "ease in donning and doffing," and "breathability" were rated particularly well, whereas an improved, more versatile, and smaller design is needed for broad clinical use.