TY - JOUR
T1 - Controlling anodization time to monitor film thickness, phase composition and crystal orientation during anodic growth of TiO2 nanotubes
AU - Hou, Xuelan
AU - Lund, Peter D.
AU - Li, Yongdan
N1 - Funding Information:
This work has been supported by the China Scholarship Council (CSC), No. 201706250038; Aalto University, School of Science Project T30404; the Start-up Package of T10108 Professorship offered by Aalto University to Prof. Yongdan Li .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s)
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - Anodic TiO2 nanotube (TNT) films show promises for photon-driven catalytic, electricity storage and chemical processes. The film thickness of anodic TNT is known to affect its performance in optical and electronic applications. Also, factors affecting the morphology and dimensions of anodic TNT films are rather well-known. However, the knowledge on phase transition and composition in the growth of anodic TiO2 from the titanium metal is very limited. In this work, the anodization time is controlled in intervals of 10, 60, 300, 1000, 2000 and 5000 s to investigate its effect on phase composition and transition, and the morphology of the anodic TNT during the growth process. Even though the mechanism of anodic TNT formation is still under debate, the scanning electron microscope results support bottom-up tube growth with evidence of a compact layer. It was also found that the Richards growth model is applicable to correlate growth time and film thickness. Finally, the phase transition, crystal orientation and pore formation during the anodic process are further discussed.
AB - Anodic TiO2 nanotube (TNT) films show promises for photon-driven catalytic, electricity storage and chemical processes. The film thickness of anodic TNT is known to affect its performance in optical and electronic applications. Also, factors affecting the morphology and dimensions of anodic TNT films are rather well-known. However, the knowledge on phase transition and composition in the growth of anodic TiO2 from the titanium metal is very limited. In this work, the anodization time is controlled in intervals of 10, 60, 300, 1000, 2000 and 5000 s to investigate its effect on phase composition and transition, and the morphology of the anodic TNT during the growth process. Even though the mechanism of anodic TNT formation is still under debate, the scanning electron microscope results support bottom-up tube growth with evidence of a compact layer. It was also found that the Richards growth model is applicable to correlate growth time and film thickness. Finally, the phase transition, crystal orientation and pore formation during the anodic process are further discussed.
KW - Anodic oxidation
KW - Growth curve
KW - Phase transition and composition
KW - Sigmoidal growth model
KW - TiO nanotube arrays
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85120634547&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107168
DO - 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107168
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85120634547
SN - 1388-2481
VL - 134
JO - Electrochemistry Communications
JF - Electrochemistry Communications
M1 - 107168
ER -