Conductive polyurethane/PEGylated graphene oxide composite for 3D-printed nerve guidance conduits

Afsoon Farzan; Sedigheh Borandeh; Jukka Seppälä

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111068

Conductive polyurethane/PEGylated graphene oxide composite for 3D-printed nerve guidance conduits

Afsoon Farzan, Sedigheh Borandeh, Jukka Seppälä^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

31 Citations (Scopus)

97 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Conductive polymeric nanocomposites have made significant contributions in nerve regeneration. To this aim, the best results are obtained by using nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) with conductive, bio-compatible, bio-degradable tubes as well as special topographical features. In this study, biodegradable, conductive, solvent-free polyurethane/PEGylated graphene oxide (PU/PEG-GO) composites were synthesized and successfully 3D printed into flexible nerve conduits with different precise geometries, such as hollow, porous, and grooved tubes, using stereolithography. The composite containing 5% PEG-GO showed the highest tensile stress (3.51 ± 0.54 MPa), tensile strain at break (∼170%), and conductivity (1.1 × 10⁻³ S/cm) with the lowest contact angle of 72^° attributing to the strong interfacial interactions between PEG-GO nanosheets and the PU matrix. Moreover, the PU/PEG-GO 5% exhibited higher compression strength compared with pure PU and showed appropriate enzymatic degradation after 6 weeks, which is expected to last sufficiently for an efficient nerve regeneration. Altogether the 3D-printed, conductive, biodegradable, and flexible PU/PEG-GO 5% conduit with precise geometry has potential as NGCs for peripheral nerve regeneration.

Original language	English
Article number	111068
Number of pages	11
Journal	European Polymer Journal
Volume	167
Early online date	16 Feb 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111068
Publication status	Published - 15 Mar 2022
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

The authors would like to thank the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation, Finnish Cultural Foundation, and Academy of Finland No. 307485 (3D-Biomat) for providing funding for this project. This work made use of the BIOECONOMY infrastructure at Aalto University.

Keywords

3D printing
Graphene oxide
Nerve regeneration
Solvent-free polyurethane
Stereolithography

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CHEM_Farzan_et_al_Conductive_polyurethane_2022_European_Polymer_JournalFinal published version, 5.74 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Conductive polyurethane/PEGylated graphene oxide composite for 3D-printed nerve guidance conduits",

abstract = "Conductive polymeric nanocomposites have made significant contributions in nerve regeneration. To this aim, the best results are obtained by using nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) with conductive, bio-compatible, bio-degradable tubes as well as special topographical features. In this study, biodegradable, conductive, solvent-free polyurethane/PEGylated graphene oxide (PU/PEG-GO) composites were synthesized and successfully 3D printed into flexible nerve conduits with different precise geometries, such as hollow, porous, and grooved tubes, using stereolithography. The composite containing 5\% PEG-GO showed the highest tensile stress (3.51 ± 0.54 MPa), tensile strain at break (∼170\%), and conductivity (1.1 × 10−3 S/cm) with the lowest contact angle of 72° attributing to the strong interfacial interactions between PEG-GO nanosheets and the PU matrix. Moreover, the PU/PEG-GO 5\% exhibited higher compression strength compared with pure PU and showed appropriate enzymatic degradation after 6 weeks, which is expected to last sufficiently for an efficient nerve regeneration. Altogether the 3D-printed, conductive, biodegradable, and flexible PU/PEG-GO 5\% conduit with precise geometry has potential as NGCs for peripheral nerve regeneration.",

keywords = "3D printing, Graphene oxide, Nerve regeneration, Solvent-free polyurethane, Stereolithography",

author = "Afsoon Farzan and Sedigheh Borandeh and Jukka Sepp{\"a}l{\"a}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation, Finnish Cultural Foundation, and Academy of Finland No. 307485 (3D-Biomat) for providing funding for this project. This work made use of the BIOECONOMY infrastructure at Aalto University. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022",

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AU - Farzan, Afsoon

AU - Borandeh, Sedigheh

AU - Seppälä, Jukka

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to thank the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation, Finnish Cultural Foundation, and Academy of Finland No. 307485 (3D-Biomat) for providing funding for this project. This work made use of the BIOECONOMY infrastructure at Aalto University. Publisher Copyright: © 2022

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N2 - Conductive polymeric nanocomposites have made significant contributions in nerve regeneration. To this aim, the best results are obtained by using nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) with conductive, bio-compatible, bio-degradable tubes as well as special topographical features. In this study, biodegradable, conductive, solvent-free polyurethane/PEGylated graphene oxide (PU/PEG-GO) composites were synthesized and successfully 3D printed into flexible nerve conduits with different precise geometries, such as hollow, porous, and grooved tubes, using stereolithography. The composite containing 5% PEG-GO showed the highest tensile stress (3.51 ± 0.54 MPa), tensile strain at break (∼170%), and conductivity (1.1 × 10−3 S/cm) with the lowest contact angle of 72° attributing to the strong interfacial interactions between PEG-GO nanosheets and the PU matrix. Moreover, the PU/PEG-GO 5% exhibited higher compression strength compared with pure PU and showed appropriate enzymatic degradation after 6 weeks, which is expected to last sufficiently for an efficient nerve regeneration. Altogether the 3D-printed, conductive, biodegradable, and flexible PU/PEG-GO 5% conduit with precise geometry has potential as NGCs for peripheral nerve regeneration.

AB - Conductive polymeric nanocomposites have made significant contributions in nerve regeneration. To this aim, the best results are obtained by using nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) with conductive, bio-compatible, bio-degradable tubes as well as special topographical features. In this study, biodegradable, conductive, solvent-free polyurethane/PEGylated graphene oxide (PU/PEG-GO) composites were synthesized and successfully 3D printed into flexible nerve conduits with different precise geometries, such as hollow, porous, and grooved tubes, using stereolithography. The composite containing 5% PEG-GO showed the highest tensile stress (3.51 ± 0.54 MPa), tensile strain at break (∼170%), and conductivity (1.1 × 10−3 S/cm) with the lowest contact angle of 72° attributing to the strong interfacial interactions between PEG-GO nanosheets and the PU matrix. Moreover, the PU/PEG-GO 5% exhibited higher compression strength compared with pure PU and showed appropriate enzymatic degradation after 6 weeks, which is expected to last sufficiently for an efficient nerve regeneration. Altogether the 3D-printed, conductive, biodegradable, and flexible PU/PEG-GO 5% conduit with precise geometry has potential as NGCs for peripheral nerve regeneration.

KW - 3D printing

KW - Graphene oxide

KW - Nerve regeneration

KW - Solvent-free polyurethane

KW - Stereolithography

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Conductive polyurethane/PEGylated graphene oxide composite for 3D-printed nerve guidance conduits

Abstract

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3D-manufacturing of novel biomaterials

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Conductive polyurethane/PEGylated graphene oxide composite for 3D-printed nerve guidance conduits

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

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Fingerprint

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3D-manufacturing of novel biomaterials

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Bioeconomy Research Infrastructure

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