Composites of High-Temperature Thermomechanical Pulps and Polylactic Acid

Iina Solala; Antti Koistinen; Sanna Siljander; Jyrki Vuorinen; Tapani Vuorinen

doi:10.15376/biores.11.1.1125-1140

Composites of High-Temperature Thermomechanical Pulps and Polylactic Acid

Iina Solala^*, Antti Koistinen, Sanna Siljander, Jyrki Vuorinen, Tapani Vuorinen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Tampere University of Technology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

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Abstract

High-temperature thermomechanical pulps (HT-TMP, defibrated at 150 to 170 degrees C) were compared to a reference TMP (defibrated at 130 degrees C) as a reinforcement for polylactic acid (PLA). Composites were prepared by melt compounding, followed by injection molding, gradually increasing the used fiber content from 0 to 20 wt.%. The injection-molded specimens were characterized by tensile and impact strength tests, scanning electron microscopy, water absorption tests, and differential scanning calorimetry. The TMP fiber damage was also characterized before and after melt compounding by optical analysis. At 20% fiber content, the Young's modulus increased significantly, while the tensile strength remained unchanged and the impact strength decreased slightly. All fibers suffered damage during melt compounding, but the tensile strength remained about the same as in pure PLA. All types of TMP were able to increase the PLA rate of crystallization. The HT-TMP fibers were dispersed more evenly in PLA than the 130 degrees C TMP. The 170 degrees C TMP produced composites of lower water absorption than the other two TMP types, probably because of its lower hemicellulose content and its higher surface coverage by lignin.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1125-1140
Number of pages	16
Journal	BioResources
Volume	11
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.1.1125-1140
Publication status	Published - Feb 2016
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

Polylactic acid
High-temperature thermomechanical pulp
Hydrophobic fibers
Wood fiber composites
Thermal properties
Mechanical properties
POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES
FIBER MORPHOLOGY
CELL-WALL
DEFIBRATION TEMPERATURE
POLYMER COMPOSITES
BARRIER PROPERTIES
WOOD
PLA
CRYSTALLINITY
LENGTH

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title = "Composites of High-Temperature Thermomechanical Pulps and Polylactic Acid",

abstract = "High-temperature thermomechanical pulps (HT-TMP, defibrated at 150 to 170 degrees C) were compared to a reference TMP (defibrated at 130 degrees C) as a reinforcement for polylactic acid (PLA). Composites were prepared by melt compounding, followed by injection molding, gradually increasing the used fiber content from 0 to 20 wt.%. The injection-molded specimens were characterized by tensile and impact strength tests, scanning electron microscopy, water absorption tests, and differential scanning calorimetry. The TMP fiber damage was also characterized before and after melt compounding by optical analysis. At 20% fiber content, the Young's modulus increased significantly, while the tensile strength remained unchanged and the impact strength decreased slightly. All fibers suffered damage during melt compounding, but the tensile strength remained about the same as in pure PLA. All types of TMP were able to increase the PLA rate of crystallization. The HT-TMP fibers were dispersed more evenly in PLA than the 130 degrees C TMP. The 170 degrees C TMP produced composites of lower water absorption than the other two TMP types, probably because of its lower hemicellulose content and its higher surface coverage by lignin.",

keywords = "Polylactic acid, High-temperature thermomechanical pulp, Hydrophobic fibers, Wood fiber composites, Thermal properties, Mechanical properties, POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES, FIBER MORPHOLOGY, CELL-WALL, DEFIBRATION TEMPERATURE, POLYMER COMPOSITES, BARRIER PROPERTIES, WOOD, PLA, CRYSTALLINITY, LENGTH",

author = "Iina Solala and Antti Koistinen and Sanna Siljander and Jyrki Vuorinen and Tapani Vuorinen",

year = "2016",

month = feb,

doi = "10.15376/biores.11.1.1125-1140",

language = "English",

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pages = "1125--1140",

journal = "BioResources",

issn = "1930-2126",

publisher = "North Carolina State University",

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T1 - Composites of High-Temperature Thermomechanical Pulps and Polylactic Acid

AU - Solala, Iina

AU - Koistinen, Antti

AU - Siljander, Sanna

AU - Vuorinen, Jyrki

AU - Vuorinen, Tapani

PY - 2016/2

Y1 - 2016/2

N2 - High-temperature thermomechanical pulps (HT-TMP, defibrated at 150 to 170 degrees C) were compared to a reference TMP (defibrated at 130 degrees C) as a reinforcement for polylactic acid (PLA). Composites were prepared by melt compounding, followed by injection molding, gradually increasing the used fiber content from 0 to 20 wt.%. The injection-molded specimens were characterized by tensile and impact strength tests, scanning electron microscopy, water absorption tests, and differential scanning calorimetry. The TMP fiber damage was also characterized before and after melt compounding by optical analysis. At 20% fiber content, the Young's modulus increased significantly, while the tensile strength remained unchanged and the impact strength decreased slightly. All fibers suffered damage during melt compounding, but the tensile strength remained about the same as in pure PLA. All types of TMP were able to increase the PLA rate of crystallization. The HT-TMP fibers were dispersed more evenly in PLA than the 130 degrees C TMP. The 170 degrees C TMP produced composites of lower water absorption than the other two TMP types, probably because of its lower hemicellulose content and its higher surface coverage by lignin.

AB - High-temperature thermomechanical pulps (HT-TMP, defibrated at 150 to 170 degrees C) were compared to a reference TMP (defibrated at 130 degrees C) as a reinforcement for polylactic acid (PLA). Composites were prepared by melt compounding, followed by injection molding, gradually increasing the used fiber content from 0 to 20 wt.%. The injection-molded specimens were characterized by tensile and impact strength tests, scanning electron microscopy, water absorption tests, and differential scanning calorimetry. The TMP fiber damage was also characterized before and after melt compounding by optical analysis. At 20% fiber content, the Young's modulus increased significantly, while the tensile strength remained unchanged and the impact strength decreased slightly. All fibers suffered damage during melt compounding, but the tensile strength remained about the same as in pure PLA. All types of TMP were able to increase the PLA rate of crystallization. The HT-TMP fibers were dispersed more evenly in PLA than the 130 degrees C TMP. The 170 degrees C TMP produced composites of lower water absorption than the other two TMP types, probably because of its lower hemicellulose content and its higher surface coverage by lignin.

KW - Polylactic acid

KW - High-temperature thermomechanical pulp

KW - Hydrophobic fibers

KW - Wood fiber composites

KW - Thermal properties

KW - Mechanical properties

KW - POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES

KW - FIBER MORPHOLOGY

KW - CELL-WALL

KW - DEFIBRATION TEMPERATURE

KW - POLYMER COMPOSITES

KW - BARRIER PROPERTIES

KW - WOOD

KW - PLA

KW - CRYSTALLINITY

KW - LENGTH

U2 - 10.15376/biores.11.1.1125-1140

DO - 10.15376/biores.11.1.1125-1140

M3 - Article

SN - 1930-2126

VL - 11

SP - 1125

EP - 1140

JO - BioResources

JF - BioResources

IS - 1

ER -

Composites of High-Temperature Thermomechanical Pulps and Polylactic Acid

Abstract

Keywords

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