Coherent interaction-free detection of noise

The measurement and characterization of noise is a flourishing area of research in mesoscopic physics. In this work, we propose interaction-free measurements as a noise-detection technique, exploring two conceptually different schemes: the coherent and the projective realizations. These detectors consist of a qutrit whose second transition is resonantly coupled to an oscillatory field that may have noise in amplitude or phase. For comparison, we consider a more standard detector previously discussed in this context: a qubit coupled in a similar way to the noise source. We find that the qutrit scheme offers clear advantages, allowing precise detection and characterization of the noise, while the qubit does not. Finally, we study the signature of noise correlations in the detector's signal.