Cleaner extraction of lead from complex lead-containing wastes by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting with low SO                         
                        2
                                                  emission

Yun Li; Shenghai Yang; Wenrong Lin; Pekka Taskinen; Jing He; Yuejun Wang; Junjie Shi; Yongming Chen; Chaobo Tang; Ari Jokilaakso

doi:10.3390/min9020119

Cleaner extraction of lead from complex lead-containing wastes by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting with low SO ₂ emission

Yun Li
, Shenghai Yang
, Wenrong Lin
, Pekka Taskinen
, Jing He
, Yuejun Wang
, Junjie Shi
, Yongming Chen^*
, Chaobo Tang
, Ari Jokilaakso

^*Corresponding author for this work

Central South University
Zhuhai Coslight Battery Co., Ltd
Hetao College

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

265 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

A novel and cleaner process for lead and silver recycling from multiple lead-containing wastes, e.g., lead ash, lead sludge, lead slag, and ferric sludge, by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting was proposed. In this process, coke and iron-containing wastes were employed as reductive agent and sulfur-fixing agent, respectively. A Na ₂ CO ₃ -Na ₂ SO ₄ mixture was added as flux. The feasibility of this process was detected from thermodynamic and experimental perspectives. The influence of Fe/SiO ₂ and CaO/SiO ₂ , composition of the molten salt, coke addition, smelting temperature, and smelting time on direct Pb recovery and sulfur-fixation efficiency were investigated. The optimal process conditions were determined as follows: W _Coke = 15%W _{Pb wastes} ,W _Na2CO3 /W _Na2SO4 = 0.7/0.3, Fe/SiO2 = 1.10, CaO/SiO ₂ = 0.30, smelting temperature 1200 °C, and smelting time 2 h, where W represents weight. Under these optimum conditions, 92.4% Pb and 98.8% Ag were directly recovered in crude lead bullion in one step treatment, and total 98.6% sulfur was fixed. The generation and emissions of SO2 can be avoided. The main phases in ferrous matte obtained were FeS, NaFeS ₂ , Fe ₂ Zn ₃ S ₅ , and a little entrained Pb. The slag was a FeO-SiO ₂ -CaO-Na ₂ O quaternary melt.

Original language	English
Article number	119
Number of pages	15
Journal	Minerals
Volume	9
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/min9020119
Publication status	Published - 1 Feb 2019
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

This work was supported by the Guangdong Provincial Applied Science and Technology Specialized Research Project [Grant No. 2016B020242001], the Hunan Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars [Grant No. 2018JJ1044], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No. 51234009 and 51604105], CMEco [Grant No. 2116781] by Business Finland, the Fund for Less Developed Regions of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51664013), the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of the InnerMongolia Autonomous Region (Grant No. NJYT-17-B35), and the Bayannur Science and Technology Project from the Bayannur Bureau for Science and Technology (Grant No. K201509).

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 13 Climate Action

Keywords

Lead recycling
Lead-iron-containing wastes
Molten salt
PbO-FeO-SiO -CaO-Na O phase diagram
SO -free sulfur fixing smelting
Wastes co-treatment and recycling

Access to Document

10.3390/min9020119Licence: CC BY

CHEM_Li_Yun_et_al_Cleaner_extraction_of_lead_2019_MineralsFinal published version, 4.59 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Li, Y., Yang, S., Lin, W., Taskinen, P., He, J., Wang, Y., Shi, J., Chen, Y., Tang, C., & Jokilaakso, A. (2019). Cleaner extraction of lead from complex lead-containing wastes by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting with low SO ₂ emission. Minerals, 9(2), Article 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9020119

@article{4c2d35e47eb3410cb699838d94bbde6e,

title = "Cleaner extraction of lead from complex lead-containing wastes by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting with low SO 2 emission",

abstract = " A novel and cleaner process for lead and silver recycling from multiple lead-containing wastes, e.g., lead ash, lead sludge, lead slag, and ferric sludge, by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting was proposed. In this process, coke and iron-containing wastes were employed as reductive agent and sulfur-fixing agent, respectively. A Na 2 CO 3 -Na 2 SO 4 mixture was added as flux. The feasibility of this process was detected from thermodynamic and experimental perspectives. The influence of Fe/SiO 2 and CaO/SiO 2 , composition of the molten salt, coke addition, smelting temperature, and smelting time on direct Pb recovery and sulfur-fixation efficiency were investigated. The optimal process conditions were determined as follows: W Coke = 15\%W Pb wastes ,W Na2CO3 /W Na2SO4 = 0.7/0.3, Fe/SiO2 = 1.10, CaO/SiO 2 = 0.30, smelting temperature 1200 °C, and smelting time 2 h, where W represents weight. Under these optimum conditions, 92.4\% Pb and 98.8\% Ag were directly recovered in crude lead bullion in one step treatment, and total 98.6\% sulfur was fixed. The generation and emissions of SO2 can be avoided. The main phases in ferrous matte obtained were FeS, NaFeS 2 , Fe 2 Zn 3 S 5 , and a little entrained Pb. The slag was a FeO-SiO 2 -CaO-Na 2 O quaternary melt. ",

keywords = "Lead recycling, Lead-iron-containing wastes, Molten salt, PbO-FeO-SiO -CaO-Na O phase diagram, SO -free sulfur fixing smelting, Wastes co-treatment and recycling",

author = "Yun Li and Shenghai Yang and Wenrong Lin and Pekka Taskinen and Jing He and Yuejun Wang and Junjie Shi and Yongming Chen and Chaobo Tang and Ari Jokilaakso",

year = "2019",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3390/min9020119",

language = "English",

volume = "9",

journal = "Minerals",

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Li, Y, Yang, S, Lin, W, Taskinen, P, He, J, Wang, Y, Shi, J, Chen, Y, Tang, C & Jokilaakso, A 2019, 'Cleaner extraction of lead from complex lead-containing wastes by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting with low SO ₂ emission', Minerals, vol. 9, no. 2, 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9020119

Cleaner extraction of lead from complex lead-containing wastes by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting with low SO ₂ emission. / Li, Yun; Yang, Shenghai; Lin, Wenrong et al.
In: Minerals, Vol. 9, No. 2, 119, 01.02.2019.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Cleaner extraction of lead from complex lead-containing wastes by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting with low SO 2 emission

AU - Li, Yun

AU - Yang, Shenghai

AU - Lin, Wenrong

AU - Taskinen, Pekka

AU - He, Jing

AU - Wang, Yuejun

AU - Shi, Junjie

AU - Chen, Yongming

AU - Tang, Chaobo

AU - Jokilaakso, Ari

PY - 2019/2/1

Y1 - 2019/2/1

N2 - A novel and cleaner process for lead and silver recycling from multiple lead-containing wastes, e.g., lead ash, lead sludge, lead slag, and ferric sludge, by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting was proposed. In this process, coke and iron-containing wastes were employed as reductive agent and sulfur-fixing agent, respectively. A Na 2 CO 3 -Na 2 SO 4 mixture was added as flux. The feasibility of this process was detected from thermodynamic and experimental perspectives. The influence of Fe/SiO 2 and CaO/SiO 2 , composition of the molten salt, coke addition, smelting temperature, and smelting time on direct Pb recovery and sulfur-fixation efficiency were investigated. The optimal process conditions were determined as follows: W Coke = 15%W Pb wastes ,W Na2CO3 /W Na2SO4 = 0.7/0.3, Fe/SiO2 = 1.10, CaO/SiO 2 = 0.30, smelting temperature 1200 °C, and smelting time 2 h, where W represents weight. Under these optimum conditions, 92.4% Pb and 98.8% Ag were directly recovered in crude lead bullion in one step treatment, and total 98.6% sulfur was fixed. The generation and emissions of SO2 can be avoided. The main phases in ferrous matte obtained were FeS, NaFeS 2 , Fe 2 Zn 3 S 5 , and a little entrained Pb. The slag was a FeO-SiO 2 -CaO-Na 2 O quaternary melt.

AB - A novel and cleaner process for lead and silver recycling from multiple lead-containing wastes, e.g., lead ash, lead sludge, lead slag, and ferric sludge, by reductive sulfur-fixing smelting was proposed. In this process, coke and iron-containing wastes were employed as reductive agent and sulfur-fixing agent, respectively. A Na 2 CO 3 -Na 2 SO 4 mixture was added as flux. The feasibility of this process was detected from thermodynamic and experimental perspectives. The influence of Fe/SiO 2 and CaO/SiO 2 , composition of the molten salt, coke addition, smelting temperature, and smelting time on direct Pb recovery and sulfur-fixation efficiency were investigated. The optimal process conditions were determined as follows: W Coke = 15%W Pb wastes ,W Na2CO3 /W Na2SO4 = 0.7/0.3, Fe/SiO2 = 1.10, CaO/SiO 2 = 0.30, smelting temperature 1200 °C, and smelting time 2 h, where W represents weight. Under these optimum conditions, 92.4% Pb and 98.8% Ag were directly recovered in crude lead bullion in one step treatment, and total 98.6% sulfur was fixed. The generation and emissions of SO2 can be avoided. The main phases in ferrous matte obtained were FeS, NaFeS 2 , Fe 2 Zn 3 S 5 , and a little entrained Pb. The slag was a FeO-SiO 2 -CaO-Na 2 O quaternary melt.

KW - Lead recycling

KW - Lead-iron-containing wastes

KW - Molten salt

KW - PbO-FeO-SiO -CaO-Na O phase diagram

KW - SO -free sulfur fixing smelting

KW - Wastes co-treatment and recycling

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85062827547

U2 - 10.3390/min9020119

DO - 10.3390/min9020119

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85062827547

SN - 2075-163X

VL - 9

JO - Minerals

JF - Minerals

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M1 - 119

ER -