Carbon Sequestration Capacity of Stabilized Soft Clays with Recycled Binders

Bruk Belay Dejenie; Ammavajjala Sesha Sai Raghuram; Leena Korkiala-Tanttu; Juha Forsman; Henry Gustavsson

doi:10.1520/GTJ20220221

Carbon Sequestration Capacity of Stabilized Soft Clays with Recycled Binders

Bruk Belay Dejenie
, Ammavajjala Sesha Sai Raghuram^*
, Leena Korkiala-Tanttu
, Juha Forsman
, Henry Gustavsson

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

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Abstract

This study estimates the CO₂ sequestration capacity of Malmi clay stabilized with various recycled binders tested in laboratory conditions. Carbonation experiments were performed on stabilized samples using an autoclave and a carbonation chamber. Results revealed that the rate of carbonation differs significantly when carbonation is performed using a carbonation chamber or an autoclave. After 1 day in room temperature, the carbonated-stabilized samples were kept in the carbonation chamber for 13 days or in the autoclave for 5 days. Additionally, the reference samples were cured for 14 and 28 days to estimate the effect of CO₂ sequestration capacity on curing time. Further, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to measure the CO₂ intake. The findings indicated that the CO₂ sequestration capacity of carbonated-stabilized soil for the recycled binders ranged from 2.8 % to 4.1 % of dry mass of the mixture. The CO₂ intake was found to be 4.1 %, 3.5 %, 3.0 %, and 2.8 %/dry mass of the mixture for cement type I (CEMI), cement type III (CEMIII), GTC (gypsum + slaked lime + CEMIII), and biomass fly ash + CEMII (BFA + CEMII) stabilized clay, respectively. Ultimately, GTC binder was found to have the greatest potential to be carbon negative. The present study shows that it may be potential to create stabilization technique, which can be carbon negative especially by using recycled binder materials.

Original language	English
Journal	Geotechnical Testing Journal
Volume	47
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ20220221
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2024
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

The authors would like to acknowledge Helsinki city, Espoo city, Vantaa city, the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency, and the Tiina and Antti Herlin Foundation (financial support of the project). We would like to extend our acknowledgment to Tapio Vehmas (senior scientist, Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus [VTT]) for assistance with the tests performed in the VTT laboratories. All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the submitted article. The authors would like to acknowledge Helsinki city, Espoo city, Vantaa city, the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency, and the Tiina and Antti Herlin Foundation (financial support of the project). We would like to extend our acknowledgment to Tapio Vehmas (senior scientist, Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus [VTT]) for assistance with the tests performed in the VTT laboratories. All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the submitted article.

Keywords

CO sequestration
recycled binder
stabilized soft clay
sustainable deep mixing
thermogravimeter

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title = "Carbon Sequestration Capacity of Stabilized Soft Clays with Recycled Binders",

abstract = "This study estimates the CO2 sequestration capacity of Malmi clay stabilized with various recycled binders tested in laboratory conditions. Carbonation experiments were performed on stabilized samples using an autoclave and a carbonation chamber. Results revealed that the rate of carbonation differs significantly when carbonation is performed using a carbonation chamber or an autoclave. After 1 day in room temperature, the carbonated-stabilized samples were kept in the carbonation chamber for 13 days or in the autoclave for 5 days. Additionally, the reference samples were cured for 14 and 28 days to estimate the effect of CO2 sequestration capacity on curing time. Further, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to measure the CO2 intake. The findings indicated that the CO2 sequestration capacity of carbonated-stabilized soil for the recycled binders ranged from 2.8 \% to 4.1 \% of dry mass of the mixture. The CO2 intake was found to be 4.1 \%, 3.5 \%, 3.0 \%, and 2.8 \%/dry mass of the mixture for cement type I (CEMI), cement type III (CEMIII), GTC (gypsum + slaked lime + CEMIII), and biomass fly ash + CEMII (BFA + CEMII) stabilized clay, respectively. Ultimately, GTC binder was found to have the greatest potential to be carbon negative. The present study shows that it may be potential to create stabilization technique, which can be carbon negative especially by using recycled binder materials.",

keywords = "CO sequestration, recycled binder, stabilized soft clay, sustainable deep mixing, thermogravimeter",

author = "Dejenie, \{Bruk Belay\} and Raghuram, \{Ammavajjala Sesha Sai\} and Leena Korkiala-Tanttu and Juha Forsman and Henry Gustavsson",

note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge Helsinki city, Espoo city, Vantaa city, the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency, and the Tiina and Antti Herlin Foundation (financial support of the project). We would like to extend our acknowledgment to Tapio Vehmas (senior scientist, Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus [VTT]) for assistance with the tests performed in the VTT laboratories. All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the submitted article. Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge Helsinki city, Espoo city, Vantaa city, the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency, and the Tiina and Antti Herlin Foundation (financial support of the project). We would like to extend our acknowledgment to Tapio Vehmas (senior scientist, Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus [VTT]) for assistance with the tests performed in the VTT laboratories. All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the submitted article. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2023 by ASTM International,",

year = "2024",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1520/GTJ20220221",

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volume = "47",

journal = "Geotechnical Testing Journal ",

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T1 - Carbon Sequestration Capacity of Stabilized Soft Clays with Recycled Binders

AU - Dejenie, Bruk Belay

AU - Raghuram, Ammavajjala Sesha Sai

AU - Korkiala-Tanttu, Leena

AU - Forsman, Juha

AU - Gustavsson, Henry

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge Helsinki city, Espoo city, Vantaa city, the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency, and the Tiina and Antti Herlin Foundation (financial support of the project). We would like to extend our acknowledgment to Tapio Vehmas (senior scientist, Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus [VTT]) for assistance with the tests performed in the VTT laboratories. All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the submitted article. Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge Helsinki city, Espoo city, Vantaa city, the Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency, and the Tiina and Antti Herlin Foundation (financial support of the project). We would like to extend our acknowledgment to Tapio Vehmas (senior scientist, Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus [VTT]) for assistance with the tests performed in the VTT laboratories. All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the submitted article. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2023 by ASTM International,

PY - 2024/1/1

Y1 - 2024/1/1

N2 - This study estimates the CO2 sequestration capacity of Malmi clay stabilized with various recycled binders tested in laboratory conditions. Carbonation experiments were performed on stabilized samples using an autoclave and a carbonation chamber. Results revealed that the rate of carbonation differs significantly when carbonation is performed using a carbonation chamber or an autoclave. After 1 day in room temperature, the carbonated-stabilized samples were kept in the carbonation chamber for 13 days or in the autoclave for 5 days. Additionally, the reference samples were cured for 14 and 28 days to estimate the effect of CO2 sequestration capacity on curing time. Further, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to measure the CO2 intake. The findings indicated that the CO2 sequestration capacity of carbonated-stabilized soil for the recycled binders ranged from 2.8 % to 4.1 % of dry mass of the mixture. The CO2 intake was found to be 4.1 %, 3.5 %, 3.0 %, and 2.8 %/dry mass of the mixture for cement type I (CEMI), cement type III (CEMIII), GTC (gypsum + slaked lime + CEMIII), and biomass fly ash + CEMII (BFA + CEMII) stabilized clay, respectively. Ultimately, GTC binder was found to have the greatest potential to be carbon negative. The present study shows that it may be potential to create stabilization technique, which can be carbon negative especially by using recycled binder materials.

AB - This study estimates the CO2 sequestration capacity of Malmi clay stabilized with various recycled binders tested in laboratory conditions. Carbonation experiments were performed on stabilized samples using an autoclave and a carbonation chamber. Results revealed that the rate of carbonation differs significantly when carbonation is performed using a carbonation chamber or an autoclave. After 1 day in room temperature, the carbonated-stabilized samples were kept in the carbonation chamber for 13 days or in the autoclave for 5 days. Additionally, the reference samples were cured for 14 and 28 days to estimate the effect of CO2 sequestration capacity on curing time. Further, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to measure the CO2 intake. The findings indicated that the CO2 sequestration capacity of carbonated-stabilized soil for the recycled binders ranged from 2.8 % to 4.1 % of dry mass of the mixture. The CO2 intake was found to be 4.1 %, 3.5 %, 3.0 %, and 2.8 %/dry mass of the mixture for cement type I (CEMI), cement type III (CEMIII), GTC (gypsum + slaked lime + CEMIII), and biomass fly ash + CEMII (BFA + CEMII) stabilized clay, respectively. Ultimately, GTC binder was found to have the greatest potential to be carbon negative. The present study shows that it may be potential to create stabilization technique, which can be carbon negative especially by using recycled binder materials.

KW - CO sequestration

KW - recycled binder

KW - stabilized soft clay

KW - sustainable deep mixing

KW - thermogravimeter

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DO - 10.1520/GTJ20220221

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85177457051

SN - 0149-6115

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JO - Geotechnical Testing Journal

JF - Geotechnical Testing Journal

IS - 1

ER -

Carbon Sequestration Capacity of Stabilized Soft Clays with Recycled Binders

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