Bio-synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rhus coriaria L. Seed extract on Polyamide: Characterization, antibacterial Efficacy, and colorimetric analysis

The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with antimicrobial properties has gained significant research interest. In this research, we utilized Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) seed extract to synthesize Ag NPs on polyamide (PA) fabric. The UV–Vis spectrum of the solution exhibited maximum absorption at 380 nm, indicating flavonoids acting as reducing agents, while a plasmon resonance peak at 450 nm confirmed the formation of Ag NPs. FT-IR and XRD analyses indicated the role of phytochemicals in biosynthesis and in-situ nanoparticle deposition. The average particle size of SSE-Ag NPs was found to be 62.77 nm, as observed from FESEM micrographs. The dye absorption of the PA fabric improved, with K/S values rising from 2.39 (untreated) to 9.46 (Ag-NPs treated). The treated fabrics showed very good general fastness properties. Antibacterial tests initially showed 100 % efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus. After 10 washing cycles, efficacy dropped to 80 % and 85 %, respectively, as the silver content decreased from 417 ppm to 349 ppm. This research offers a sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method for dyeing and improving the antibacterial properties of polyamide textiles.