TY - JOUR
T1 - Analyzing the gas temperature of a hydrogen jet fire in a compartment with the Fire Dynamics Simulator
AU - Liu, Wenqian
AU - Markert, Frank
AU - Giuliani, Luisa
AU - Hostikka, Simo
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking (now Clean Hydrogen Partnership) under Hy-tunnel CS Project [grant numbers 826193 ]. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program , Hydrogen Europe and Hydrogen Europe Research, the Finnish Fire Protection Fund ( Palosuojelurahasto ) [grant numbers VN/14165/2021 ], the Nordic Five Tech Alliance , as well as Otto Mønsteds Fond.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
PY - 2024/1/31
Y1 - 2024/1/31
N2 - This study presents a method to simulate hydrogen jet fire using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). To avoid modeling an actual nozzle, high-speed Lagrangian particles released from a virtual nozzle are introduced to simulate released hydrogen. The capability of this FDS model to predict gas temperature is validated by comparing simulation results with five existing experiments in a rectangular steel compartment with an open end. The effects of relevant parameters prescribed in the FDS model on the gas temperature are also analyzed, including numerical parameters (auto-ignition exclusion zone, offset, particle count, and grid) and physical parameters (particle velocity, spray angle, and auto-ignition temperature). The results show that gas temperatures near the nozzle are sensitive to these parameters. Based on the grey relational analysis, the auto-ignition temperature is the least important parameter to predict gas temperatures, while the grid is the most significant parameter for gas temperatures near the ceiling.
AB - This study presents a method to simulate hydrogen jet fire using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). To avoid modeling an actual nozzle, high-speed Lagrangian particles released from a virtual nozzle are introduced to simulate released hydrogen. The capability of this FDS model to predict gas temperature is validated by comparing simulation results with five existing experiments in a rectangular steel compartment with an open end. The effects of relevant parameters prescribed in the FDS model on the gas temperature are also analyzed, including numerical parameters (auto-ignition exclusion zone, offset, particle count, and grid) and physical parameters (particle velocity, spray angle, and auto-ignition temperature). The results show that gas temperatures near the nozzle are sensitive to these parameters. Based on the grey relational analysis, the auto-ignition temperature is the least important parameter to predict gas temperatures, while the grid is the most significant parameter for gas temperatures near the ceiling.
KW - Fluid Dynamic Simulator
KW - Gas temperature
KW - Hydrogen jet fire
KW - Lagrangian particles
KW - Sensitivity analysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85179065067&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.11.306
DO - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.11.306
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85179065067
SN - 0360-3199
VL - 53
SP - 1097
EP - 1106
JO - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
JF - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
ER -
