An open-source environmental chamber for materials-stability testing using an optical proxy

Rodolfo Keesey; Armi Tiihonen; Alexander E. Siemenn; Thomas W. Colburn; Shijing Sun; Noor Titan Putri Hartono; James Serdy; Margaret Zeile; Keqing He; Cole A. Gurtner; Austin C. Flick; Clio Batali; Alex Encinas; Richa R. Naik; Zhe Liu; Felipe Oviedo; I. Marius Peters; Janak Thapa; Siyu Isaac Parker Tian; Reinhold H. Dauskardt; Alexander J. Norquist; Tonio Buonassisi

doi:10.1039/d2dd00089j

An open-source environmental chamber for materials-stability testing using an optical proxy

Rodolfo Keesey^*
, Armi Tiihonen^*
, Alexander E. Siemenn
, Thomas W. Colburn
, Shijing Sun
, Noor Titan Putri Hartono
, James Serdy
, Margaret Zeile
, Keqing He
, Cole A. Gurtner
, Austin C. Flick
, Clio Batali
, Alex Encinas
, Richa R. Naik
, Zhe Liu
, Felipe Oviedo
, I. Marius Peters
, Janak Thapa
, Siyu Isaac Parker Tian
, Reinhold H. Dauskardt

Alexander J. Norquist^*, Tonio Buonassisi^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

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Abstract

This study is motivated by the desire to produce a low-cost, high-precision, high-throughput environmental chamber to test materials and devices under elevated humidity, temperature, and light. This paper documents the creation of an open-source tool with a bill of materials as low as US$2,000, and the subsequent evolution of three second-generation tools installed at three different universities spanning thin films, bulk crystals, and thin-film solar-cell devices. We introduce an optical proxy measurement to detect real-time phase changes in materials. We present correlations between this optical proxy and standard X-ray diffraction measurements, describe some edge cases where the proxy measurement fails, and report key learnings from the technology-translation process. By sharing lessons learned, we hope that future open-hardware development and translation efforts can proceed with reduced friction. Throughout the paper, we provide examples of scientific impact, wherein participating laboratories used their environmental chambers to study and improve the stabilities of halide-perovskite materials. All generations of hardware bills of materials, assembly instructions, and operating codes are available in open-source repositories.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	422-440
Number of pages	19
Journal	Digital Discovery
Volume	2
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1039/d2dd00089j
Publication status	Published - 1 Apr 2023
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

The authors thank Antonio Buscemi and Isaac Metcalf for assistance in XRD measurements, and Shreyaa Raghavan for the development of the user-friendly Python package. This study is based upon work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract no. HR001118C0036. Any opinions, ndings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reect the views of DARPA. S. S., N. T. P. H., A. T., and T. B. thank TOTAL S. A. The research is also supported by Singapore Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Alliance for Research and Technology's Low Energy Electronic Systems research program. A. T. was supported by the Academy of Finland (Flagship program: Finnish Center for Articial Intelligence FCAI). F. O. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Photovoltaic Research and Development program under award DE-EE0007535. T. W. C. acknowledges the support from the Graduate Research Fellowship Program (award no. DGE-656518) from the U.S. National Science Foundation. The authors thank Antonio Buscemi and Isaac Metcalf for assistance in XRD measurements, and Shreyaa Raghavan for the development of the user-friendly Python package. This study is based upon work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract no. HR001118C0036. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of DARPA. S. S., N. T. P. H., A. T., and T. B. thank TOTAL S. A. The research is also supported by Singapore Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Alliance for Research and Technology's Low Energy Electronic Systems research program. A. T. was supported by the Academy of Finland (Flagship program: Finnish Center for Artificial Intelligence FCAI). F. O. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Photovoltaic Research and Development program under award DE-EE0007535. T. W. C. acknowledges the support from the Graduate Research Fellowship Program (award no. DGE-656518) from the U.S. National Science Foundation.

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An open-source environmental chamber for materials-stability testing using an optical proxyFinal published version, 7.01 MBLicence: CC BY-NC

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Keesey, R., Tiihonen, A., Siemenn, A. E., Colburn, T. W., Sun, S., Hartono, N. T. P., Serdy, J., Zeile, M., He, K., Gurtner, C. A., Flick, A. C., Batali, C., Encinas, A., Naik, R. R., Liu, Z., Oviedo, F., Peters, I. M., Thapa, J., Tian, S. I. P., ... Buonassisi, T. (2023). An open-source environmental chamber for materials-stability testing using an optical proxy. Digital Discovery, 2(2), 422-440. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2dd00089j

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title = "An open-source environmental chamber for materials-stability testing using an optical proxy",

abstract = "This study is motivated by the desire to produce a low-cost, high-precision, high-throughput environmental chamber to test materials and devices under elevated humidity, temperature, and light. This paper documents the creation of an open-source tool with a bill of materials as low as US\$2,000, and the subsequent evolution of three second-generation tools installed at three different universities spanning thin films, bulk crystals, and thin-film solar-cell devices. We introduce an optical proxy measurement to detect real-time phase changes in materials. We present correlations between this optical proxy and standard X-ray diffraction measurements, describe some edge cases where the proxy measurement fails, and report key learnings from the technology-translation process. By sharing lessons learned, we hope that future open-hardware development and translation efforts can proceed with reduced friction. Throughout the paper, we provide examples of scientific impact, wherein participating laboratories used their environmental chambers to study and improve the stabilities of halide-perovskite materials. All generations of hardware bills of materials, assembly instructions, and operating codes are available in open-source repositories.",

author = "Rodolfo Keesey and Armi Tiihonen and Siemenn, \{Alexander E.\} and Colburn, \{Thomas W.\} and Shijing Sun and Hartono, \{Noor Titan Putri\} and James Serdy and Margaret Zeile and Keqing He and Gurtner, \{Cole A.\} and Flick, \{Austin C.\} and Clio Batali and Alex Encinas and Naik, \{Richa R.\} and Zhe Liu and Felipe Oviedo and Peters, \{I. Marius\} and Janak Thapa and Tian, \{Siyu Isaac Parker\} and Dauskardt, \{Reinhold H.\} and Norquist, \{Alexander J.\} and Tonio Buonassisi",

note = "Funding Information: The authors thank Antonio Buscemi and Isaac Metcalf for assistance in XRD measurements, and Shreyaa Raghavan for the development of the user-friendly Python package. This study is based upon work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract no. HR001118C0036. Any opinions, ndings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reect the views of DARPA. S. S., N. T. P. H., A. T., and T. B. thank TOTAL S. A. The research is also supported by Singapore Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Alliance for Research and Technology's Low Energy Electronic Systems research program. A. T. was supported by the Academy of Finland (Flagship program: Finnish Center for Articial Intelligence FCAI). F. O. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Photovoltaic Research and Development program under award DE-EE0007535. T. W. C. acknowledges the support from the Graduate Research Fellowship Program (award no. DGE-656518) from the U.S. National Science Foundation. Funding Information: The authors thank Antonio Buscemi and Isaac Metcalf for assistance in XRD measurements, and Shreyaa Raghavan for the development of the user-friendly Python package. This study is based upon work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract no. HR001118C0036. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of DARPA. S. S., N. T. P. H., A. T., and T. B. thank TOTAL S. A. The research is also supported by Singapore Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Alliance for Research and Technology's Low Energy Electronic Systems research program. A. T. was supported by the Academy of Finland (Flagship program: Finnish Center for Artificial Intelligence FCAI). F. O. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Photovoltaic Research and Development program under award DE-EE0007535. T. W. C. acknowledges the support from the Graduate Research Fellowship Program (award no. DGE-656518) from the U.S. National Science Foundation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.",

year = "2023",

month = apr,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1039/d2dd00089j",

language = "English",

volume = "2",

pages = "422--440",

journal = "Digital Discovery",

issn = "2635-098X",

publisher = "Royal Society of Chemistry",

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Keesey, R, Tiihonen, A, Siemenn, AE, Colburn, TW, Sun, S, Hartono, NTP, Serdy, J, Zeile, M, He, K, Gurtner, CA, Flick, AC, Batali, C, Encinas, A, Naik, RR, Liu, Z, Oviedo, F, Peters, IM, Thapa, J, Tian, SIP, Dauskardt, RH, Norquist, AJ & Buonassisi, T 2023, 'An open-source environmental chamber for materials-stability testing using an optical proxy', Digital Discovery, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 422-440. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2dd00089j

TY - JOUR

T1 - An open-source environmental chamber for materials-stability testing using an optical proxy

AU - Keesey, Rodolfo

AU - Tiihonen, Armi

AU - Siemenn, Alexander E.

AU - Colburn, Thomas W.

AU - Sun, Shijing

AU - Hartono, Noor Titan Putri

AU - Serdy, James

AU - Zeile, Margaret

AU - He, Keqing

AU - Gurtner, Cole A.

AU - Flick, Austin C.

AU - Batali, Clio

AU - Encinas, Alex

AU - Naik, Richa R.

AU - Liu, Zhe

AU - Oviedo, Felipe

AU - Peters, I. Marius

AU - Thapa, Janak

AU - Tian, Siyu Isaac Parker

AU - Dauskardt, Reinhold H.

AU - Norquist, Alexander J.

AU - Buonassisi, Tonio

N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank Antonio Buscemi and Isaac Metcalf for assistance in XRD measurements, and Shreyaa Raghavan for the development of the user-friendly Python package. This study is based upon work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract no. HR001118C0036. Any opinions, ndings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reect the views of DARPA. S. S., N. T. P. H., A. T., and T. B. thank TOTAL S. A. The research is also supported by Singapore Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Alliance for Research and Technology's Low Energy Electronic Systems research program. A. T. was supported by the Academy of Finland (Flagship program: Finnish Center for Articial Intelligence FCAI). F. O. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Photovoltaic Research and Development program under award DE-EE0007535. T. W. C. acknowledges the support from the Graduate Research Fellowship Program (award no. DGE-656518) from the U.S. National Science Foundation. Funding Information: The authors thank Antonio Buscemi and Isaac Metcalf for assistance in XRD measurements, and Shreyaa Raghavan for the development of the user-friendly Python package. This study is based upon work supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract no. HR001118C0036. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of DARPA. S. S., N. T. P. H., A. T., and T. B. thank TOTAL S. A. The research is also supported by Singapore Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Alliance for Research and Technology's Low Energy Electronic Systems research program. A. T. was supported by the Academy of Finland (Flagship program: Finnish Center for Artificial Intelligence FCAI). F. O. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Photovoltaic Research and Development program under award DE-EE0007535. T. W. C. acknowledges the support from the Graduate Research Fellowship Program (award no. DGE-656518) from the U.S. National Science Foundation. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.

PY - 2023/4/1

Y1 - 2023/4/1

N2 - This study is motivated by the desire to produce a low-cost, high-precision, high-throughput environmental chamber to test materials and devices under elevated humidity, temperature, and light. This paper documents the creation of an open-source tool with a bill of materials as low as US$2,000, and the subsequent evolution of three second-generation tools installed at three different universities spanning thin films, bulk crystals, and thin-film solar-cell devices. We introduce an optical proxy measurement to detect real-time phase changes in materials. We present correlations between this optical proxy and standard X-ray diffraction measurements, describe some edge cases where the proxy measurement fails, and report key learnings from the technology-translation process. By sharing lessons learned, we hope that future open-hardware development and translation efforts can proceed with reduced friction. Throughout the paper, we provide examples of scientific impact, wherein participating laboratories used their environmental chambers to study and improve the stabilities of halide-perovskite materials. All generations of hardware bills of materials, assembly instructions, and operating codes are available in open-source repositories.

AB - This study is motivated by the desire to produce a low-cost, high-precision, high-throughput environmental chamber to test materials and devices under elevated humidity, temperature, and light. This paper documents the creation of an open-source tool with a bill of materials as low as US$2,000, and the subsequent evolution of three second-generation tools installed at three different universities spanning thin films, bulk crystals, and thin-film solar-cell devices. We introduce an optical proxy measurement to detect real-time phase changes in materials. We present correlations between this optical proxy and standard X-ray diffraction measurements, describe some edge cases where the proxy measurement fails, and report key learnings from the technology-translation process. By sharing lessons learned, we hope that future open-hardware development and translation efforts can proceed with reduced friction. Throughout the paper, we provide examples of scientific impact, wherein participating laboratories used their environmental chambers to study and improve the stabilities of halide-perovskite materials. All generations of hardware bills of materials, assembly instructions, and operating codes are available in open-source repositories.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85158038946

U2 - 10.1039/d2dd00089j

DO - 10.1039/d2dd00089j

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85158038946

SN - 2635-098X

VL - 2

SP - 422

EP - 440

JO - Digital Discovery

JF - Digital Discovery

IS - 2

ER -

An open-source environmental chamber for materials-stability testing using an optical proxy

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