A Transactive-Based Control Scheme for Minimizing Real-Time Energy Imbalance in a Multiagent Microgrid: A CVaR-Based Model

Power systems are undergoing significant transformations due to the introduction of microgrids (MGs) and distributed energy resources (DERs). In this regard, MGs as new entities in the system facilitate the integration of independently operated DERs to the power system. In this structure, DERs would be operated by independent agents, while the microgrid's control unit (MCU) would coordinate agents' resource scheduling to maximize social welfare. In this structure, the uncertainty of resources operated by agents could lead to real-time energy imbalance in the MG resulting in agents' loss of profits. Consequently, a novel transactive-based-scheme is developed in this article to facilitate flexibility service exchange between the agents to minimize the real-time energy imbalance in the MG. In this context, MCU provides independent agents with bonuses as transactive signals to exploit their operational scheduling while addressing privacy concerns. The proposed framework increases the overall social welfare as well as minimizes the dependence of the MG on the upper-level system to ensure the demand-supply balance in the MG. Finally, this scheme is implemented on an MG with a multiagent structure to investigate its effectiveness in minimizing the real-time energy imbalance in the system.