Engineering & Materials Science
Leaching
87%
Lithium-ion batteries
69%
Recovery
57%
Recycling
55%
Nickel metal hydride batteries
50%
Metals
49%
Crystallization
33%
Nickel
32%
Impurities
29%
Ions
29%
Rare earth elements
25%
Copper
25%
Sulfuric acid
25%
Sodium sulfate
24%
Solvent extraction
23%
Dissolution
22%
Nickel sulfates
22%
Salts
22%
Cathode materials
22%
Sulfates
22%
Acids
22%
Silver oxides
19%
Silver
18%
Cobalt
17%
Electrowinning
17%
Flowcharting
16%
Slags
16%
Purification
15%
Cleaning
15%
Evaporation
14%
Lithium
13%
Crystals
12%
Iron
12%
Temperature
12%
Lanthanum
12%
Magnesia
11%
Oxidation-Reduction
11%
Electrodeposition
10%
Hydrides
10%
Sodium hydroxide
10%
Liquids
9%
Electrolysis
9%
Silicates
9%
Effluents
9%
Hydrates
9%
Water
8%
Reagents
8%
Electrolytes
8%
Drying
8%
Tea
7%
Electric vehicles
7%
Biomass
7%
Precipitates
7%
Electrons
7%
Sieves
7%
Rate constants
6%
Metal recovery
6%
Sodium
6%
Viscosity
6%
Hydrogen
6%
Aluminum
6%
Oxides
6%
Molar ratio
6%
Graphite
5%
Cooling
5%
Contamination
5%
Phosphoric acid
5%
Chemical analysis
5%
Design of experiments
5%
Earth & Environmental Sciences
battery
100%
nickel
42%
metal
36%
leaching
31%
lithium
30%
recycling
26%
rare earth element
23%
sulfate
23%
ion
22%
cobalt
17%
sulfuric acid
17%
life cycle
13%
electric vehicle
12%
metal waste
12%
copper
12%
hydroxide
11%
liquid
9%
sodium
9%
primary production
9%
oxide
8%
electrolyte
8%
slag
7%
electrokinesis
7%
silver
7%
hydrolysis
7%
simulation
7%
material
6%
conductivity
6%
experimental study
6%
aluminum
6%
evaporation
6%
hydrogen
6%
viscosity
6%
ore
6%
consumption
5%
acid
5%
crystallization
5%
product
5%
oxidation
5%
Chemical Compounds
Leaching
64%
Recycling
41%
Metal
34%
Crystallization
21%
Sodium Sulfate
19%
Lanthanoid Atom
18%
Nickel Sulfate
17%
Purity
17%
Sulfuric Acid
17%
Dissolution
16%
Sulfate
15%
Evaporation
15%
Electrowinning
15%
Ion
14%
Cathode
12%
Lithium Hydroxide
11%
pH Value
10%
Purification
10%
Oxide
9%
Reduction
9%
Slag
8%
Acid
8%
Hydrate
7%
Electrolysis
7%
Cooling
7%
Hydride
7%
Electrodeposition
7%
Phosphoric Acid
6%
Chemical Element
6%
Alloy
5%
Scrubbing
5%
Conductivity
5%
Energy Consumption
5%
Fiber
5%
Ecosystem
5%