Engineering & Materials Science
Leaching
100%
Lithium-ion batteries
77%
Copper
73%
Dissolution
64%
Nickel refining
56%
Recycling
55%
Silver
53%
Recovery
51%
Impurities
46%
Electrolytes
46%
Sulfuric acid
40%
Slags
39%
Nickel metal hydride batteries
39%
Metals
34%
Iron
28%
Rare earth elements
28%
Lithium
26%
Precipitates
25%
Solvent extraction
25%
Temperature
24%
Zinc
23%
Metal recovery
23%
Nickel
23%
Carbonates
22%
Oxidation-Reduction
19%
Chemical analysis
19%
Refining
18%
Acids
18%
Organic acids
17%
Precious metals
17%
Antimony
17%
Gold
17%
Sodium sulfate
17%
Cathode materials
17%
Oxides
16%
Sodium hydroxide
16%
Sulfates
16%
Ions
16%
Palladium
15%
Flowcharting
15%
Platinum
15%
Hydrides
15%
Nitrates
15%
Sorbents
14%
Anodes
14%
Electric arcs
14%
Silicates
13%
Sulfides
13%
Arsenic
13%
Solubility
13%
Wastewater
12%
Ashes
12%
Acidity
12%
Dust
12%
Bismuth
12%
Printed circuit boards
12%
Alumina
11%
Liquid metals
11%
Hydrochloric acid
11%
Furnaces
10%
Ores
10%
Salts
10%
Sulfur
9%
Byproducts
9%
Electrowinning
9%
Liquids
9%
Smelting
9%
Experiments
8%
Raw materials
8%
Particle size
8%
Lithium batteries
8%
Contamination
7%
Current density
7%
Phosphoric acid
7%
Deposits
7%
Adsorbents
7%
Chemical reactions
6%
Gases
6%
Oxygen
6%
Energy dispersive spectroscopy
6%
Supersaturation
5%
Particles (particulate matter)
5%
Cobalt
5%
Economics
5%
Calcination
5%
Earth & Environmental Sciences
battery
73%
leaching
51%
recycling
42%
copper
39%
ion
36%
sulfuric acid
32%
lithium
30%
metal
27%
nickel
25%
slag
24%
furnace
17%
rare earth element
17%
sulfate
15%
refining
15%
dissolution
15%
valorization
14%
antimony
14%
redox potential
13%
organic acid
12%
cobalt
12%
trace metal
11%
electrolyte
11%
bismuth
11%
sodium
11%
primary production
11%
sulfur
10%
iron
10%
smelting
10%
sulfide
9%
thermodynamics
9%
dust
8%
temperature
8%
precious metal
8%
arsenic
8%
wastewater
8%
experiment
7%
salt
7%
acid
7%
acidity
7%
effect
6%
raw material
6%
X-ray diffraction
6%
consumption
5%
liquid
5%
electronic equipment
5%
Chemical Compounds
Leaching
90%
Recycling
53%
Dissolution
44%
Metal
43%
Slag
27%
Platinum-Group Metal
20%
Sulfuric Acid
17%
Smelting
17%
Lithium Carbonate
16%
Copper Sulfide
15%
Lanthanoid Atom
15%
Pressure
13%
Sodium Sulfate
13%
Dust
13%
Anode
13%
Cathode
13%
Ion
12%
Organic Acid
12%
Purity
11%
Redox Potential
11%
Sulfate
10%
Electrowinning
10%
Sorbent
10%
Hydride
10%
Acid
9%
Wastewater
9%
Carbonate
9%
Phosphoric Acid
9%
Liquid
9%
Palladium
9%
Raw Material
9%
Nitrate
9%
Adsorbent
8%
Current Density
8%
Scrubbing
8%
pH Value
7%
Solubility
7%
Supersaturation
7%
Corrosion Potential
6%
Covellite
6%
Filtration
6%
Particle Size Distribution
5%
Alloy
5%
Amount
5%
Material Processing
5%
Application
5%
Calcination
5%