Physics & Astronomy
characterization
22%
charge carriers
7%
countermeasures
7%
cryostats
22%
curved surfaces
19%
dark current
13%
detectors
100%
dynamic range
15%
electric potential
8%
electromagnetic radiation
13%
fluorescence
12%
foils
9%
graphene
13%
ice
8%
indium gallium arsenides
10%
infrared detectors
18%
insulators
12%
irradiance
12%
lasers
16%
light emitting diodes
13%
light sources
20%
linearity
23%
liquid nitrogen
19%
metrology
11%
nonlinearity
12%
passivity
9%
penetration
6%
performance
16%
photocurrents
15%
photodiodes
98%
photometers
10%
photons
7%
quantum cryptography
21%
quantum efficiency
33%
radiation
8%
radiometers
9%
reflectance
23%
reflectors
15%
room temperature
10%
sensitivity
7%
sensors
8%
silicon
13%
simulation
8%
spectral sensitivity
16%
spectroradiometers
24%
traps
20%
tunable lasers
10%
vapors
9%
wafers
12%
wavelengths
35%
Engineering & Materials Science
3D printers
5%
Aluminum foil
7%
Aluminum oxide
5%
Angular distribution
20%
Bias voltage
10%
Calibration
10%
Carrier lifetime
5%
Charge carriers
15%
Charge density
9%
Chemical vapor deposition
5%
Color
5%
Detectors
80%
Digital to analog conversion
5%
Distribution functions
30%
Electromagnetic waves
17%
Fluorescence
37%
Geometry
7%
Graphene
19%
Industrial applications
5%
Industry
6%
Infrared radiation
17%
Light emitting diodes
16%
Light sources
5%
Metal foil
5%
Optical losses
5%
Optical properties
16%
Passivation
11%
Photoacoustic effect
51%
Photocurrents
5%
Photodetectors
25%
Photodiodes
72%
Plasmas
12%
Polarization
7%
Quantum channel
7%
Quantum cryptography
23%
Quantum efficiency
30%
Radiation
12%
Scattering
5%
Secure communication
5%
Silicon
22%
Substrates
9%
Surface measurement
10%
Uncertainty
14%
Vapors
13%
Wavelength
55%
Mathematics
Aluminum
7%
Attack
5%
Characterization
11%
Charge
8%
Countermeasures
8%
Curved Surface
21%
Depletion
5%
Detector
42%
Discrepancy
5%
Distribution System
11%
Fluorescence
23%
Industry
5%
InGaAs
15%
Insensitivity
5%
Insulator
24%
Manufacturing
6%
Measurement Techniques
12%
Mm
11%
Near Infrared
6%
Non-uniformity
5%
Optical Metrology
5%
Optical Properties
8%
Penetration
10%
Performance
8%
Photodiode
22%
Polarization
9%
Quantum Channel
7%
Quantum Cryptography
25%
Quantum Efficiency
31%
Quantum Key Distribution
28%
Radiance
8%
Reflectance
23%
Reflector
22%
Responsivity
16%
Secure Communication
8%
Spectral Efficiency
10%
Surface Modeling
8%
Trap
20%
Uncertainty
8%
Voltage
18%
Wavelength
37%